Impacting Factors of Higher Vocational Students’ Continuance Intention toward MOOCs in China

Main Article Content

Gao Jie

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to explore the factors that impact higher vocational students' continuance intention of massive open online courses (MOOCs) to provide insights that can enhance the e-learning experience and ensure long-term engagement. Seven variables were presented in the conceptual framework, which were system quality, interface design quality, learner-instructor interaction quality, perceived usefulness, flow experience, satisfaction, and continuance intention. Research design, data, and methodology: Quantitative research focused on students with experience in MOOCs from Zhejiang Business College in Hangzhou, China. Item Objective Congruence (IOC) method. Additionally, a pilot test was conducted with fifty randomly selected respondents to collect data and evaluate the questionnaire's reliability using Cronbach's alpha approach. A combination of probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling methods was utilized to gather 500 valid responses. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were conducted to assess the model's validity, reliability, and fit. Results: PU significantly impacted CI, whereas IDQ and LIIQ also significantly impacted PU. SQ had no significant impact on PU, while SF had a significant impact on CI, and FE impacted SF. Conclusions: Five expected hypotheses aligned with the research objectives, highlighting the importance of considering external factors and intrinsic motivation in MOOCs' continuance intention theoretical framework.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Jie, G. (2025). Impacting Factors of Higher Vocational Students’ Continuance Intention toward MOOCs in China. AU-GSB E-JOURNAL, 18(3), 152-163. https://doi.org/10.14456/augsbejr.2025.68
Section
Articles
Author Biography

Gao Jie

Office of Academic Affairs, Zhejiang Business College, China.

References

Alenezi, M. (2021). Deep dive into digital transformation in higher education institutions. Education Sciences, 11(12), 770.

https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11120770

Almaiah, M. A., Al-Khasawneh, A., & Althunibat, A. (2020). Exploring the critical challenges and factors influencing the E-learning system usage during COVID-19 pandemic. Education and Information Technologies, 25(6), 5261-5280.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10219-y

Alraimi, K. M., Zo, H., & Ciganek, A. P. (2015). Understanding the moocs continuance: the role of openness and reputation. Computers and Education, 80, 28-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.08.006

Bakker, A. B. (2008). The work-related flow inventory: construction and initial validation of the WOLF. J. Vocat. Behav, 72, 400-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2007.11.007

Banu, R., Shrivastava, P., & Salman, M. (2024). An empirical study of students' perceptive on e-learning systems success. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 41(2), 130-143. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-03-2023-0040

Baranova, T., Kobicheva, A., & Tokareva, E. (2022). Factors influencing students’ continuance intention to learn in blended environments at university. Electronics, 11(13), 2069. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132069

Barrett, T. J., & Hegarty, M. (2016). Effects of interface and spatial ability on manipulation of virtual models in a STEM domain. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 220-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.026

Baturay, M. H. (2015). An overview of the world of MOOCs. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.685

Bennetta, S., Bishop, A., Dalgarno, B., Waycott, J., & Kennedy, G. (2012). Implementing Web 2.0 technologies in higher education: A collective case study. Computers and Education, 59(2), 524-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.12.022

Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness-of-fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.

Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance: an expectation confirmation model. MIS Quarterly, 25(3), 351-370. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250921

Bhattacherjee, A., & Lin, C. P. (2015). A unified model of IT continuance: three complementary perspectives and crossover effects. European Journal of Information Systems, 24(4), 364-373. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2013.36

Bilro, R. G., Loureiro, S. M. C., & Ali, F. (2018). The role of website stimuli of experience on engagement and brand advocacy. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(2), 204-222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-12-2017-0136

Chang, C. (2013). Exploring the determinants of e-learning systems continuance intention in academic libraries. Library Management, 34 (1/2), 40-55. https://doi.org/10.1108/01435121311298261

Chang, Y. P., & Zhu, D. H. (2012). The role of perceived social capital and flow experience in building users’ continuance intention to social networking sites in China. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(3), 995-1001.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.01.001

Chaplot, D., Rhim, E., & Kim, J. (2015). Predicting student attrition in MOOCs using sentiment analysis and neural networks. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 3, 7-12.

Chen, C., Holyoak, M., Si, X., Wang, Y., & Ding, P. (2018). Table S1.1: Characteristics of 36 study islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. PANGAEA. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.885960

Cheng, Y. M. (2014). Extending the expectation-confirmation model with quality and flow to explore nurses’ continued blended e-learning intention. Information Technology and People, 27(3), 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-01-2013-0024

Cheng, Y. M. (2021). Can gamification and interface design aesthetics lead to MOOCs’ success? Education and Training, 63(9), 1346-1375. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-09-2020-0278

Cheng, Y. M. (2022). Which quality determinants cause MOOCs continuance intention? A hybrid extending the expectation-confirmation model with learning engagement and information systems success. Library Hi Tech, 41(6), 1748-1780.

https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-11-2021-0391

Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5

Chhetri, P., Arrowsmith, C., & Jackson, M. (2004). Determining hiking experiences in nature-based tourist destinations. Tourism Management, 25(1), 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00057-8

Chiu, C. M., Chiu, C. S., & Chang, H. C. (2007). Examining the integrated influence of fairness and quality on learners’ satisfaction and web-based learning continuance intention. Information Systems Journal, 17(3), 271-287.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.2007.00238.x

Cho, V., Cheng, T. C. E., & Lai, W. M. J. (2009). The role of perceived user-interface design in continued usage intention of self-paced e-learning tools. Computers and Education, 53(2), 216-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.01.014

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond Boredom and Anxiety: Experiencing Flow in Wok and Play. Jossey-Bass. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2010.511853

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (1st ed.). Harper & Row.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Happiness and creativity: going with the flow. The Futurist, 31(5), 8-12.

https://doi.org/10.1080/074811897201859

Dai, H. M., Teo, T., Rappa, N. A., & Huang, F. (2020). Explaining Chinese university students’ continuance learning intention in the MOOC setting: a modified expectation confirmation model perspective. Computers and Education, 150, 103850.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103850

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 3(13), 319-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

DeBoer, J., Ho, A. D., Stump, G. S., & Breslow, L. (2014). Changing ‘course’ Reconceptualizing educational variables for massive open online courses. Educational Researcher, 43(2), 74-84.

DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (1992). Information systems success: The quest for the dependent variable. Information Systems Research, 3(1), 60-95. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.3.1.60

Ding, X. D., Hu, P. I., & Wardell, D. G. (2010). The impact of service system design and flow experience on customer satisfaction in online financial services the impact of service system design and flow experience on customer. Journal of Service Research, 13(1), 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670509350674

Farhan, W., Razmak, J., Demers, S., & Laflamme, S. (2019). E-learning systems versus instructional communication tools: developing and testing a new e-learning user interface from the perspectives of teachers and students. Technology in Society, 59, 101192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101192

Faulkner, C. (1998). The essence of human–computer interaction (1st ed.). Prentice Hall.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

Freitas, S. I. D., Morgan, J., & Gibson, D. (2015). Will MOOCs transform learning and teaching in higher education? engagement and course retention in online learning provision. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(3), 455-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12268

Galitz, W. O. (2007). The Essential Guide to User Interface Design: An Introduction to GUI Design Principles and Techniques (1st ed.). Wiley.

Guimaraes, T., Armstrong, C. P., & Jones, B. M. (2009). A new approach to measuring information systems quality. Quality Management Journal, 16(1), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/106869672009.11918217

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings (5th ed.). Prentice-Hall.

Hair, J. F., Black, W., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). Pearson International Edition.

Hofstede, G., & Minkov, M. (2010). Long-versus short-term orientation: new perspectives. Asia Pacific Business Review, 16(4), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381003637609

Holmes-Smith, P. (2001). Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling Using LISREL (1st ed.). ACSPRI-Winter Program.

Hong, J. C., Tai, K. H., Hwang, M. Y., & Kuo, Y. C. (2016). Internet cognitive failure affects learning progress as mediated by cognitive anxiety and flow while playing a Chinese antonym synonym game with interacting verbal-analytical and motor-control. Computers and Education, 100(1), 32-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.04.009

Hoyle, R. H. (1995). Structuring Equation Modeling: Concepts. Issues and Applications (1st ed.). Sage.

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Jansen, D., Schuwer, R., Teixeira, A., & Aydin, C. H. (2015). Comparing MOOC adoption strategies in Europe: results from the home project survey. International Review of Research in Open & Distributed Learning, 16(6), 1-10.

https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v16i6.2154

Jiang, H., Islam, A. Y. A., Gu, X., & Spector, J. M. (2021). Online learning satisfaction in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: a regional comparison between Eastern and Western Chinese universities. Education and information Technologies, 26(6), 6747-6769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10519-x

Jiang, M., & Ting, E. (2000). A study of factors influencing students’ perceived learning in a web-based course environment. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 6(4), 22-89.

Jo, H. (2022). Antecedents of Continuance Intention of Social Networking Services (SNS): Utilitarian, Hedonic, and Social Contexts. Mobile Information Systems, 32, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7904124

Juhary, J. (2014). Perceived usefulness and ease of use of the learning management systems as a learning tool. International Education Studies, 7(8), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v7n8p23

Jung, Y., & Lee, J. (2018). Learning engagement and persistence in massive open online courses (MOOCs). Computers and Education, 122, 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.02.013

Kang, M., & Im, T. (2013). Factors of leaner-instructor interaction which predict perceived learning. Assisted Learning, 29(3), 292-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12005

Karnouskos, S. (2017). Massive open online courses (MOOCs) as an enabler for competent employees and innovation in industry. Computers in Industry, 91,1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2017.05.001

Kim, T. G., Lee, I. H., & Law, R. (2008). An empirical examination of the acceptance behaviour of hotel front office systems: an extended technology acceptance model. Tourism Management, 29(3), 500-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.016

Kineber, A. F., Elshaboury, N., Mostafa, S., Alasow, A. A., & Arashpour, M. (2023). Influence of massive open online courses implementation on satisfaction and continuance intention of students. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(4), 1241-1261. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-08-2023-0411

Kopp, M., & Lackner, E. (2014). Do MOOCs need a special instructional design?. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, 7138-7147.

Kumar, D. S., Purani, K., & Viswanathan, S. A. (2018). Influences of ‘appscape’ on mobile app adoption and m-loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 45(9), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.08.012

Lee, M. C. (2010). Explaining and predicting users’ continuance intention toward e-learning: an extension of the expectation-confirmation model. Computers and Education, 54(2), 506-516.

Lee, M. C., & Tsai, T. R. (2010). What drives people to continue to play online games? An extension of technology model and theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 26(6), 601-620.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10447311003781318

Lei, S. I., & So, A. S. I. (2021). Online teaching and learning experiences during the COVlD-19pandemic-A comparison of teacher and student perceptions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 33(3), 148-162.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2021.1907196

Li, C. C., Chang, J. W., & Jin, H. L. (2016).Factors Affecting the Use of a Medical Material Management Cloud -A Case Study of Telecommunications company C. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 7(4), 35-40.

Lin, F. Y., Fofanah, S. S., & Liang, D. (2011). Assessing citizen adoption of e-government initiatives in Gambia: a validation of the technology acceptance model in information systems success. Government Information Quarterly, 28(2), 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.09.004

Lin, H. C., Chiu, Y. H., Chen, Y. J., Wuang, Y. P., Chen, C. P., Wang, C. C., Huang, C. L., Wu, T. M., & Ho, W. H. (2017). Continued use of an interactive computer game-based visual perception learning system in children with developmental delay. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 107(9), 76-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.09.003

Liu, S. H., Liao, H. L., & Pratt, J. A. (2009). Impact of media richness and flow on e-leaning technology acceptance. Computers and Education, 52(3), 599-607.

Luna, R. I., Liébana-Cabanillas, F., Sánchez-Fernández, J., & Munoz-Leiva, F. (2019). Mobile payment is not all the same: The adoption of mobile payment systems depending on the technology applied. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 931-944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.09.018

Lwoga, E. T., & Komba, M. (2015). Antecedents of continued usage intentions of web-based learning management system in Tanzania. Education + Training, 57(7), 738-756. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2014-0014

MacCallum, R. C., & Hong, S. (1997). Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32(2), 193-210. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3202_5

Mailizar, M., Burg, D., & Maulina, S. (2021). Examining university students’ behavioural intention to use e-learning during the COVD-19 pandemic: an extended TAM model. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 7057-7077.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10557-5

Martin, F., Wang, C., & Sadaf, A. (2018). Student perception of helpfulness of facilitation strategies that enhance instructor presence, connectedness, engagement and learning in online courses. Internet & Higher Education, 37, 52-65.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2018.01.003

Martin, J., Mortimer, G., & Andrews, L. (2015). Re-examining online customer experience to include purchase frequency and perceived risk. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 25, 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.03.008

McDonald, R. P., & Ho, M. R. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analysis. Psychological methods, 7, 64-82.

Molinillo, S., Aguilar-llescas, R., Anaya-Sanchez, R., & Vallespin-Arán, M. (2018). Exploring the impacts of interactions, social presence and emotional engagement on active collaborative learning in a social web-based environment. Computers and Education, 123, 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.04.012

Montgomery, A. P., Hayward, D. V., Dumn, W., Carbonaro, M., & Amrhein, C. G. (2015). Blending for student engagement: lessons learned for MOOCs and beyond. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 31(6), 30-78.

https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1869

Moore, M. G. (1989). Three types of interactions. The American Journal of Distance Education, 3(2), 1-6.

https://doi.org/10.1080/08923648909526659

Mouakket, S., & Bettayeb, A. M. (2015). Investigating the factors influencing continuance usage intention of Learning management systems by university instructors: the Blackboard system case. International Journal of Web Information Systems, 11(4), 491-509. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWIS-03-2015-0008

Mulik, S., Srivastava, M., Yajnik, N., & Taras, V. (2020). Antecedents and outcomes of flow experience of MOOC users. Journal of International Education in Business, 13(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIEB-10-2018-0049

Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow Theory and Research. In C. R. Snyder, & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 195-206). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.013.0018

Natarajan, T., Balasubramanian, S. A., & Kasilingam, D. L. (2017). Understanding the intention to use mobile shopping applications and its influence on price sensitivity. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 37, 8-22.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.02.010

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

OBHE. (2013). The maturing of the MOOC. BIS Research paper No. 130 (1st ed.). Observatory on Borderless Higher Education.

Oh, J. C., & Yoon, S. J. (2014). Predicting the use of online information services based on a modified UTAUT model. Behaviour & Information Technology, 33(7),16-729. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2013.872187

Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460-469. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150499

Ozkara, B. Y. (2015). Investigation of the effect of flow experience on information satisfaction in the context of consumers' online information search [Doctoral dissertation]. Osmangazi University.

Paechter, M., Maier, B., & Macher, D. (2010). Students’ expectations of, and experiences in e-learning: their relation to learning achievements and course satisfaction. Computers and Education, 54(1), 222-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.08.005

Pouezevara, S., & Horn, L. (2016). MOOCs and online education: Exploring the potential for international educational development. RTI Press. https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2016.OP.0029.1603

Rahi, S., Alghizzawi, M., & Ngah, A. H. (2022). Factors influence user's intention to continue use of e-banking during COVD-19 pandemic: the nexus between self-determination and expectation confirmation mode. Euro Med Journal of Business, 18(3), 380-396. https://doi.org/10.1108/emjb-12-2021-0194

Ranaweera, C., Bansal, H., & McDougall, G. (2008). Web site satisfaction and purchase intentions. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 18(4), 329-348. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520810885590

Refae, G. A. E., Kaba, A., & Eletter, S. (2021). Distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic: satisfaction, opportunities and challenges as perceived by faculty members and students. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 18(3), 298-318.

Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Seta, H. B., Wati, T., Muliawati, A., & Hidayanto, A. N. (2018). E-learning success model: an extension of DeLone & McLean IS' success model. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 6(3), 281-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.52549/ijeei.v6i3.505

Shao, Z. (2018). Examining the impact mechanism of social psychological motivations on individuals' continuance intention of MOOCs: the moderating effect of gender. Internet Research, 28(1), 232-250.

Singh, A. K., & Sharma, V. (2011). Knowledge management antecedents and its impact on employee satisfaction: a study on Indian telecommunication industries. The Learning Organization, 18(2), 115-130. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-10-2019-0276

Venkatesh, V., & Bala, H. (2008). Technology Acceptance Model 3 and a Research Agenda on Interventions. Decision Sciences, 39(2), 273-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00192.x

Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186-204. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926

Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540

Wang, K. (2015). Determinants of mobile value-added service continuance: the mediating role of service experience. Information and Management, 52(3), 261-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.11.005

Weerasinghe, I. S., & Fernando, R. L. (2017). Students' satisfaction in higher education. American Journal of Educational Research, 5(5), 533-539.

Yuen, A. H., Cheng, M., & Chan, F. H. F. (2019). Student satisfaction with learning management systems: a growth model of belief and use. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(5), 2520-2535. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12830

Zhao, Y., Wang, A., & Sun, Y. (2020). Technological environment, virtual experience, and MOOC continuance: A stimulus-organism-response perspective. Computers & Education, 144, 103721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103721

Zheng, Q., Chen, L., & Burgos, D. (2018). The development of MOOCs in China. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6586-6