Unlocking Self-Regulated Learning: Key Factors Shaping Student Success in Higher Vocational Education in Shanghai, China
Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the key factors affecting self-regulated learning among students in higher vocational education in Shanghai, China. Focusing on the human ability for self-directed learning and behavior, the research examines how self-evaluation, information quality, service quality, student attitudes, course quality, peer assistance, and the active use of feedback influence students' self-regulated learning. Research design, data, and methodology: The study assesses the changes from the current to the desired situation. The research employed a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design, integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches to develop a data collection instrument. The target population consisted of nursing students from vocational colleges in Shanghai, with a sample size of 275 students for the survey, A strategic plan implementation was conducted among 30 students. Results: The findings indicated that levels of self-evaluation, information quality, service quality, student attitudes, course quality, peer help, and active use of feedback were generally low. A multiple regression analysis revealed that self-evaluation, information quality, service quality, student attitudes, course quality, peer help, and active use of feedback were significant predictors of self-regulated learning capability. Conclusions: A theoretical model was developed and validated by experts, laying the groundwork for future interventions aimed at enhancing nursing students' self-regulated learning capabilities.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The submitting author warrants that the submission is original and that she/he is the author of the submission together with the named co-authors; to the extend the submission incorporates text passages, figures, data, or other material from the work of others, the submitting author has obtained any necessary permission.
Articles in this journal are published under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY What does this mean?). This is to get more legal certainty about what readers can do with published articles, and thus a wider dissemination and archiving, which in turn makes publishing with this journal more valuable for you, the authors.
References
Albelbisi, N. A. (2019). The role of quality factors in supporting self-regulated learning (SRL) skills in MOOC environment. Education and Information Technologies, 24(2), 1681-1698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-09855-2
Albelbisi, N. A., & Yusop, F. D. (2019). Factor Influence Learns’ Self-Regulated Learning Skills in a Massive Online Course Environment. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 20(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.598191
Bagheri, M., Ali, W. Z. W., Abdullah, M. C. B., & Daud, S. M. (2013). Effects of project-based learning strategy on self-directed learning skills of educational technology students. Contemporary educational technology, 4(1), 15-29.
https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/6089
Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248-287.
Brown, G. T., Peterso, E. R., & Yao, E. S. (2016). Student conceptions of feedback: Impact on self‐regulation, self‐efficacy, and academic achievement. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(4), 606-629. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12126
Cassidy, S. (2011). Self-regulated learning in higher education: A review of the literature. Active Learning in Higher Education, 12(3), 209-221. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787411417120
Dabbagh, N., Benson, A. D., Denham, A., Joseph, R., Al-Freih, M., Zgheib, G., & Guo, Z. (2015). Learning technologies and globalization: Pedagogical frameworks and applications (1st ed.). Springer.
Feng, X. (2021). A Way Out for EFL Education at the Tertiary Level under the Context of Internet Plus. Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 5(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v5i4.2224
García-Jiménez, E. (2015). Assessment of learning: From feedback to self-regulation. The role of technologies. Assessment & Evaluation, 21(2), 20-67.
Gorla, N., Somers, T. M., & Wong, B. (2010). Organizational impact of system quality, information quality, and service quality. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 19(3), 207-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2010.05.001
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis (4th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson.
Hsu, C. C., & Huang, W. Y. (2018). An interpretation of students’ learning attitude and behavior toward physical education. International Journal of Physical Education Sports and Health, 5(5), 87-94.
Huang, K., & Law, V. (2018). Learners’ engagement online in peer help. American Journal of Distance Education, 32(3), 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2018.1475982
Irons, A., & Elkington, S. (2021). Enhancing learning through formative assessment and feedback (1st ed.). Routledge.
Knight, S., & Burn, J. (2005). Developing a framework for assessing information quality on the World Wide Web. Informing Science Journal, 8, 159-172.
Koole, S. L. (2010). The psychology of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Cognition and Emotion, 24(2), 138-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930903
Krejci, J., & Morgan, D. L. (1970). The effects of the factors of communication on the group decision-making process. The Journal of Communication, 20(3), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00715.x
Lee, J. K. (2009). The effects of self-regulated learning strategies and system satisfaction regarding learner's performance in e-learning environment. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 1, 1-10.
Lin, J. W., Lai, Y. C., Lai, Y. C., & Chang, L. C. (2016). Fostering self‐regulated learning in a blended environment using group awareness and peer assistance as external scaffolds. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 32(1), 77-93.
Lin, X., & Dai, Y. (2022). An exploratory study of the effect of online learning readiness on self-regulated learning. International Journal of Chinese Education, 11(2), 2212585X221111938. https://doi.org/10.1177/2212585x221111938
Mahasneh, R. A., Sowan, A. K., & Nassar, Y. H. (2012). Academic help-seeking in online and face-to-face learning environments. E-Learning and Digital Media, 9(2), 196.
Margaryan, A., Bianco, M., & Littlejohn, A. (2015). Instructional quality of massive open online courses (MOOCs). Computers & Education, 80, 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.08.005
Normelindasari, D., & Solichin, A. (2020, February). Effect of system quality, information quality, and perceived usefulness on user satisfaction of webstudent applications to improve service quality for Budi Luhur University students. 4th International Conference on Management, Economics and Business (ICMEB 2019), 77-82.
Pickens, J. (2005). Attitudes and perceptions. Organizational behavior in health care, 4(7), 43-76.
Pintrich, P. R. (2000). The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 451-502). Academic Press.
Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning in the college classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(1), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33
Pitt, L. F., Watson, R. T., & Kavan, C. B. (1995). Service quality: A measure of information systems effectiveness. MIS Quarterly, 19(2), 173-187. https://doi.org/10.2307/249687
Puustinen, M., & Pulkkinen, L. (2001). Models of self-regulated learning: A review. Scandinavian journal of educational research, 45(3), 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313830120074206
Schunk, D. H. (1996). Self-evaluation and self-regulated learning. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Self-regulation of learning and performance: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 67-82). Taylor & Francis.
Schunk, D. H., & Ertmer, P. A. (1998). Self-evaluation and self-regulated computer learning. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Self-regulation of learning and performance: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 161-179). Taylor & Francis.
Thompson, D. (2006). E-assessment: The demise of exams and the rise of generic attribute assessment for improved student learning. In T. S. Roberts (Ed.), Self, peer, and group assessment in e-learning (pp. 295-322). Information Science Publishing.
Wang, R., & Strong, D. M. (1996). Beyond accuracy: What data quality means to data consumers. Journal of Management Information Systems, 12(4), 5-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1996.11518016
Watson, W. R., Watson, S. L., & Janakiraman, S. (2017). Instructional quality of massive open online courses: A review of attitudinal change MOOCs. International Journal of Learning Technology, 12(3), 219-240.
https://doi.org/10.1504/ijlt.2017.088406
Winne, P. H. (2013). Self-regulated learning viewed from models of information processing. In D. H. Schunk & J. A. Greene (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement (pp. 145-178). Routledge.
Wu, X., He, Z., Li, M., Han, Z., & Huang, C. (2022). Identifying learners’ interaction patterns in an online learning community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042245
Xu, J., Benbasat, I., & Cenfetelli, R. T. (2013). Integrating service quality with system and information quality: An empirical test in the e-service context. MIS Quarterly, 37(4), 777-794. https://doi.org/10.25300/misq/2013/37.3.05
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13-39). Academic Press.
Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (2011). Self-regulated learning and performance: An introduction and an overview. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 15-26). Routledge.
Zmuda, A., Curtis, G., & Ullman, D. (2015). Learning personalized: The evolution of the contemporary classroom (1st ed.). John Wiley & Sons.