Pupils' Bullying at School is Not Related to Child-Parent Relationship: Empirical Evidence from the Philippines

Authors

  • Jezel Babor
  • Albert Albina
  • Uniza Luyas
  • John Moses Azuelo
  • Carmela Dagle
  • Jessa Mae Trinidad

Keywords:

Bullying, Pupils, Parent-Child Relationship, Elementary School, Philippines

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigates the extent of bullying among sixth grade pupils at a public school in Negros Oriental, Philippines, and analyze whether or not bullying at school among pupils is related to child-parent relationship. Research design, data, and methodology: The sample participants of this study consisted of 85 pupils who came from three sections of grade six and 85 parents of these pupils. This study employed a quantitative-descriptive design using self-administered questionnaires to obtain robust data to address the research questions. The questionnaires used were the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) and Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS). Results: The results reveal that bullying only happened once or twice a month. Further, the extent when pupils were bullied, and the extent when they were bullies were found to be positively correlated, r (83) = .548, p < .001. There is also no relationship between the extent of bullying and child-parent relationship. Conclusion: Parents positive interaction with their children does not guarantee that their child will not commit bullying and also to the parents that have negative interaction with their children does not mean that their child will be bullies. Thus, child-parent relationship has nothing to do with the bullying that occurs in school.

Author Biographies

Jezel Babor

Negros Oriental State University, Bayawan – Sta. Catalina Campus

Albert Albina

Negros Oriental State University

Uniza Luyas

Negros Oriental State University, Bayawan – Sta. Catalina Campus

John Moses Azuelo

Negros Oriental State University, Bayawan – Sta. Catalina Campus

Carmela Dagle

Negros Oriental State University, Bayawan – Sta. Catalina Campus

Jessa Mae Trinidad

Negros Oriental State University, Bayawan – Sta. Catalina Campus

References

Ahmed, M. Z., Ahmed, O., & Hiramoni, F. A. (2021). Prevalence and nature of bullying in schools of Bangladesh: A pilot study. Heliyon 7(6), e07415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07415

Akgül, H. (2020). The effect of accepting diversity psychoeducation program on teasing of children. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 15(2), 335-350. https://doi.org/10.29329/epasr.2020.251.19

Almahasnih, A. F. S. (2019). The phenomenon of bullying: A case study of Jordanian schools at Tafila. World Journal of Education, 9(1), 243-254. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v9n1p243

Al-Raqqad, H. K., Al-Bourini, E. S., Al Talahin, F. M., & Aranki, R. M. E. (2017). The impact of school bullying on students’ academic achievement from teachers point of view. International Education Studies, 10(6), 44-50.

https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n6p44

Carney, J. V., Kim, I., Bright, D., & Hazler, R. J. (2020). Peer victimization and loneliness: The moderating role of school connectedness by gender. Journal of School Counseling, 18(8), 2-37. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1247300

Chowdhury, F. (2020). Bullying of students in academic institutions: A qualitative study. Educational Process: International Journal, 9(2), 122-132. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2020.92.4

De Winter, A. F., Lindenberg, S., Oldehinkel, A. J., Ormel, J., Veenstra, R., & Verhulst, F. C. (2005). Bullying and victimization in elementary schools: A comparison of bullies, victims, bully/victims, and uninvolved preadolescents. Developmental Psychology, 41(4), 672-682. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.672

Demirbağ, B. C., Çiçek, Z., Yiğitbaş, Ç., Özkan, Ç. G., & Dinçer, A. (2017). The relationship between types of bullying experienced by primary school students and their anxiety, state-trait, self-esteem and certain socio-demographic characteristics. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 398-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.077

Donoghue, C., Rosen, D., Almeida, A., & Brandwein, D. (2015). When is peer aggression 'bullying?' An analysis of elementary and middle school student discourse on bullying at school. Qualitative Research in Education, 4(1), 26-44.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4471/qre.2015.55

Erdoğdu, M. Y. (2016). Parental attitude and teacher behaviours in predicting school bullying. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(6), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v4i6.1459

Ey, L., & Campbell, M. (2020). Do Australian parents of young children understand what bullying means?. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105237

Garcés-Prettel, M., Santoya-Montes, Y., & Jiménez-Osorio, J. (2020). Influence of family and pedagogical communication on school violence. Comunicar: Media Education Research Journal, 28(63), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.3916/C63-2020-07

Huang, L., & Zhao, D. (2019). Empirical research on the relationship between family economic, social and cultural status and students’ exposure to school bullying: Mediating effects of parental support and teacher support. Best Evidence of Chinese Education, 1(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.15354/bece.19.ar1006

Jan, A., & Husain, S. (2015). Bullying in elementary schools: Its causes and effects on students. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 43-56. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1079521

Johansson, S., Myrberg, E., & Toropova, A. (2022). School bullying: Prevalence and variation in and between school systems in TIMSS 2015. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 74, 101178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2022.101178

Luanpreda, P., & Verma, P. (2016). The influence of parental bonding on depression, shame, and anger among Thai middle school children, being mediated by peer victimization (victim of bullying): A path analytical study. Scholar: Human Sciences, 7(2), 137-149. https://assumptionjournal.au.edu/index.php/Scholar/article/view/1512/1305

Lukowiak, T., Ghareeb, J., Wadi, S., Stanis, S., & Walter, J. (2017). STRETCH (Students Ready to Make Change): Making a difference in the lives of students. Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 78-94.

https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1164550

Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olwues bullying prevention program. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(1), 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01015.x

Panyawong, W. (2019). Prevention and response of bullying in school. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, 27(2), 133-144. https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jmht/article/view/204156

Poláková, V. B. (2018). Occurrence and understanding of the issues of bullying in primary schools in Banska Bystrica. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(2), 272-277. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2018.060209

Schwartz, D., Lansford, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2013). The link between harsh home environments and negative academic trajectories is exacerbated by victimization in the elementary school peer group. Developmental Psychology, 49(2), 305-316. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028249

Shen, Y. L., & Chao, S. C. (2018). A research on the correlation among school bullying, parent-child relationship, and coping strategies for parent-child conflicts. The Archive of Guidance & Counseling, 40(2), 57-84. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-32193-003

Shetgiri, R. (2013). Bullying and victimization among children. Advances in Pediatrics, 60(1), 33-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yapd.2013.04.004

Soares, M. E. C., Ramos-Jorge, M. L., Gonçalves, B. A., Rodrigues, C. de O., Rodrigues, M. A., Fonseca, P. G., Drumond, C. L., & Galo, R. (2022). Bullying victimization is associated with possible sleep bruxism in school children. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 7, 100297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100297

Ünal, H. B., & Boz, M. (2020). Development of the child neglect and abuse awareness scale for parents and its relationship with various variables. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 13(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2020.170

Uygun, N., & Kozikoğlu, I. (2019). The relationships between preschoolers’ play behaviors, social competence behaviors and their parents’ parental attitudes. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 6(2), 397-408.

https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.605900

Weber, M. (1989). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. University of California Press.

Xiao, Y., Ran, H., Fang, D., Che, Y., Donald, A. R., Wang, S., Peng, J., Chen, L., & Lu, J. (2022). School bullying associated suicidal risk in children and adolescents from Yunnan, China: The mediation of social support. Journal of Affective Disorders, 300, 392-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.032

Yüksel-Şahin, F. (2015). An examination of bullying tendencies and bullying coping behaviors among adolescents. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 214-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.415

Downloads

Published

2025-06-24

How to Cite

Babor, J., Albina, A., Luyas, U., Azuelo, J. M., Dagle, C., & Trinidad, J. M. (2025). Pupils’ Bullying at School is Not Related to Child-Parent Relationship: Empirical Evidence from the Philippines. Scholar: Human Sciences, 17(2), 209-217. Retrieved from https://assumptionjournal.au.edu/index.php/Scholar/article/view/7564