An Analysis of Factors Influencing Group-Based Self-Esteem and Sense of Belonging Through Student Association Involvement at Private Universities in Zhanjiang, China
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Purpose: This article aimed to research the critical factors of association activities that significantly impacted student group-based self-esteem and sense of belonging in private universities in Zhanjiang, China. The conceptual framework presented cause-and-effect relationships between social interaction ties, group-based self-esteem, perceived supervisor support, social support, institutional commitment to diversity, cross-cultural interaction, and sense of belonging. Research design, data, and methodology: The researcher adopted a quantitative technique (n=500) to administer the questionnaire to students in private universities in Zhanjiang, China. Non-probability sampling included judgmental sampling to select two grades from four colleges, quota sampling to define the sample size, and convenience sampling to collect data and distribute the questionnaires online and offline. The researcher used structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis to conduct the data analysis, including model fit, reliability, and construct validity. Results: As an intermediate variable, social interaction ties impacted group-based self-esteem and directly impacted students' sense of belonging. The results showed that social interaction ties significantly impacted group-based self-esteem and sense of belonging. Among the exogenous variables, cross-cultural interaction significantly impacted students' sense of belonging, followed by social interaction ties and institutional commitment to diversity. Institutional commitment to diversity and perceived supervisor support also significantly impacted students' sense of belonging. Conclusions: To make the association activities more effective, managers in private universities in Zhanjiang, China, could increase their management through association activities by the factors that affect student group-based self-esteem and sense of belonging.
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