ABAC ODI JOURNAL Vision. Action. Outcome

Editorial

Sirichai Preudhikulpradab — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This issue of 19 articles provides comprehensive, evidence-based research findings for practitioners, scholars, and policymakers working at the intersection of organizational growth and societal well-being across Asia. From corporate settings to educational institutions, the studies examine the crucial role of adaptive leadership and organizational strategies in navigating rapid change, including technological advancements, regulatory shifts, and evolving consumer behaviors.

The current collection also highlights how individual psychological capacities, including self-regulation and growth mindsets, combined with experiential learning, positively influence academic achievement and personal development within teaching and learning environments, including the effects of leadership on teacher satisfaction and how blended learning bolsters students’ learning ability, and enhances student engagement and learning outcomes.

In a corporate setting, studies highlight the significance of customer satisfaction, innovation, and cultural experiences in stimulating economic growth and community development. Analysis of service quality in entrepreneurial ventures, and the integration of cultural tourism, exemplify how experiential and socio-cultural factors contribute to destination branding and local economies. How leadership styles, self-efficacy, social support, and culture shape organizational outcomes, employee motivation, well-being, retention, and inclusivity are also investigated within the context of family business and SMEs.

We, the ABAC ODI Journal editorial team, are pleased to welcome you to a journey of growth and discovery through the very insightful studies contributed by local and international scholars, which help us cultivate new ideas and explore innovative solutions to drive conscious, sustainable change in organizations, industries, and communities.

The Impact of ODI on Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Employee Motivation, and Employee Engagement: A Case Study of BG Coffee Company in Pu’er City, Yunnan, China

Mengke Li, Somchai Tantasanee — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to explore the impact of organizational development intervention (ODI) on transformational leadership, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), job satisfaction, employee motivation, and engagement at BG Coffee Company located in Pu'er City, China. The action research is divided into three distinct phases: pre-intervention, during intervention, and post-intervention. The research design adopts a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative analysis with a quantitative survey of 30 employees. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests. The intervention strategy included the introduction of The World Café, a participatory dialogue method that aligns with the principles of self-determination theory. The results show that there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in all measured indicators, including transformational leadership, OCB, job satisfaction, motivation, and engagement before and after the intervention. Qualitative research results further confirm that ODI helps to align cultural norms with intrinsic motivation, especially through participatory methods that meet psychological needs such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This study highlights the practical value of ODI in promoting adaptive organizational culture in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and provides scalable strategies applicable to multinational companies. Although the current study mainly focuses on leadership and front-line employees, future research can explore the organizational dynamics between coffee growers and managers. These empirical findings contribute to understanding how structured interventions can systematically improve workplace outcomes in China's booming specialty coffee industry while emphasizing the key role of employee-centered development in promoting sustainable business practices.

Enhancing Academic Achievement and Psychological Well-Being Through Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, And Social Support: An Organizational Development Intervention Study Among Vocational Game Design Students in Beijing

Qing Zhou, Seongdok Kim — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the impact of Organizational Development Interventions (ODIs) on self-efficacy, self-regulation, social support, psychological well-being, and academic achievement among 60 second-year vocational Game Design students at Beijing Polytechnic. A mixed-methods approach implemented four interventions— goal-setting workshops, coaching sessions, team-based learning, and positive psychology activities—over one semester. Paired-sample t-tests revealed significant improvements in all variables (p < .001). Qualitative data from interviews, observations, and assignment analyses highlighted increased confidence, structured learning behaviors, peer collaboration, emotional resilience, and academic performance. Rooted in social cognitive theory, self-regulated learning, social support theory, and positive psychology, the findings demonstrate ODIs’ effectiveness in fostering cognitive, behavioral, and emotional growth in creative vocational education. Recommendations inform curriculum development, faculty training, and institutional policy.

Promoting Innovative Work Behaviour in Hybrid Workplaces: A Case Study of ABC Environmental Services Consultancy in Yangon, Myanmar

Shun Lei Lei Naing, Maria Socorro Fernando, Nathaya Pupat — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Since the shift to hybrid and remote working models caused by the Covid-19 global pandemic, it is extremely crucial for businesses to remain agile, competitive, and resilient and those businesses and organizations where creativity and innovation are valued, it is observed that they tend to thrive in unpredictable situations. This research aims to identify and describe patterns in employee responses regarding factors that may contribute to or hinder innovative work behavior in an Environmental Consultancy Services company in Myanmar where a hybrid working arrangement is adopted. This research gains insights into how to promote innovative work behavior of employees at a hybrid working place by assessing the employees’ work behaviour and perceptions of innovation and work engagement. This mixed-method study examines factors influencing innovative work behaviour through a survey (n=48) and individual interviews (n=9). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results showed generally positive employee perceptions, with innovative work behaviour rated the lowest among the five factors. Qualitative interviews, guided by the Appreciative Inquiry 5D Model, were analyzed through content analysis. Findings show that employees value team dynamics, job completion, and hybrid work, while also expressing the need for greater leadership trust, stronger work ethics, more autonomy, and clearer career pathways. The juxtaposition of the quantitative and qualitative results substantially contributed to providing strategic recommendations to promote innovative work behaviour.

Keywords : Job Autonomy, Leadership Support, Effective Cross-Functional Collaboration, Work Engagement, Innovative Work Behaviour, Hybrid Work Arrangement

Enhancing Work Engagement A Case Study of The Northeastern Regional Office of The National Human Rights Commission of Thailand

Natpatch Lasutham, Maria Socorro Fernando, Ekkachai Boonchuaymetta — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Work engagement and retention are significantly influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, particularly in government organizations where salary structures and career paths are predetermined. In addition to monetary rewards, other motivations can be instrumental in inspiring employees to remain committed to the organization in the long term. This research aims to evaluate the intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors that impact work engagement at the Northeastern Regional Office of the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand. Through a mixed-method approach grounded in the Appreciative Inquiry (AI) 4-D methodology, data were collected through individual and focus group discussions involving all 14 employees. Thematic analysis identified that meaningful work (intrinsic motivation) and a supportive work environment (extrinsic motivation) were the most important factors driving engagement. Employees found purpose in their contributions to society, while a physically and mentally supportive workplace further enhanced their dedication and motivation. Based on these insights, tailored recommendations were proposed to improve employee engagement by aligning organizational practices with these motivators.

Employee Learning Motivation: Employee Self-Development and Growth Mindset at Metalworks Company ABC in Thailand

Sumontha Tonvongval, Shun Lei Lei Naing, Natpatch Lasutham — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Influence of Socioemotional Wealth on Business Intelligence Adoption Intention of Thai Family SMEs in Agricultural Machinery Business

Porramet Wangwongwiroj, Paitoon Porntrakoon — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The modern business environment demands rapid and effective decision-making, facilitated by tools that can process and analyze data from multiple sources. Business Intelligence (BI), as an effective tool, has been adopted, aiding organizations of all sizes in making fact-based decisions across tactical and strategic levels. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) encounter limitations in various facets ranging from management, resources and including information technology adoption. Family firms possess unique characteristics, Socioemotional Wealth (SEW). This term is described as the collection of non-financial characteristics inherent to family businesses that satisfy the emotional needs and preferences of members of the family firms. Socioemotional wealth influences decision making of family firms. This empirical study focuses to determine the factors which influence business intelligence adoption intention of Thai family SMEs in agricultural machinery business. The study investigates direct effects of factors and moderating effects of age as moderator on business intelligence adoption intention. The foundation of the theoretical model was constituted from Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework combined with factors from Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, Manager’s innovativeness factor and socioemotional wealth dimensions. The final samples comprise of 384 respondents who are managers and members of Family SMEs in agricultural machinery business in Thailand. This empirical research found that BI adoption intention was significantly affected by a number of variables. These variables, ordered by highest to smallest effect sizes, encompass organization readiness, top management support, relative advantages, renewal of family bonds, emotional attachment, competitive pressure, manager’s innovativeness and perceived cost. The empirical evidence suggests that age does not function as a significant moderator in this study.

Entrepreneurial Business: An Empirical Study of Antecedents and Consequence of Customer Satisfaction Towards Beauty Clinic

Taksadhon Watthanasuebsin, Nawin Minakan, Sirion Chaipoopirutana — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the factors influencing customer satisfaction at Rakta Clinic, a leading beauty clinic in Ratchaburi, Thailand, which offers a holistic range of services including injections, treatments, cosmetic surgery, and skincare. Despite the growing popularity of aesthetic services, the industry faces intense competition, rapid technological advancements, particularly in anti-aging innovations, and increasingly diverse customer expectations. While several prior studies have addressed service quality in healthcare and beauty contests, research specifically tailored to the comprehensive and multidimensional environment of aesthetic clinics remains limited. This study aims to address this gap by integrating a broad range of variables relevant that consist of nine variables: personnel support, clinic facilities, physical environment, personnel quality, technical quality, medical service quality, nursing service quality, corporate image, and customer satisfaction to beauty clinic operations, thereby offering a more contextualized understanding and contributing to improved competitiveness within the aesthetic service sector.

An Empirical Study on the Influence of Product Quality, Price, and Corporate Image on Customer Satisfaction Towards Steel Mesh Fence Entrepreneurs in Thailand

Sarawut Patjareesakul, Sirion Chaipoopirutana — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

This study examines the factors influencing customer satisfaction with steel mesh fencing products, focusing on product quality, price, and corporate image. Using a descriptive and inferential research design, data were collected from 506 respondents across Thailand and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that product quality and corporate image significantly affect customer satisfaction, while price shows no substantial impact. Product quality, particularly dimensions like performance and reliability, and a strong corporate image, enhance satisfaction by fostering trust and credibility. Recommendations emphasize improving product reliability, leveraging brand positioning, and maintaining transparent communication. Future research should explore additional variables and customer segments to refine strategies for sustained satisfaction and long-term success in the steel mesh fencing industry.

Exploring Leadership Styles to Navigate Organizational Resilience in COVID-19: A Qualitative Inquiry into Thai Startups

Seri Udharasawasdi, Pawinee Petchsawang — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores how leadership styles contribute to organizational resilience among Thai startups during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a multiple-case study approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with three startup CEOs and analyzing the data through thematic categorization to identify patterns and commonalities across cases. The findings reveal five themes: fostering strategic adaptation and organizational agility for business growth, promoting employee growth and empowerment, creating a flexible work environment, driving strategic communication, and customer-centricity. These five themes fit into six existing leadership styles: charismatic leadership, transformational leadership, servant leadership, adaptive leadership, mindful leadership, and entrepreneurial leadership. This study advances leadership and organizational resilience literature by illustrating how integrating multiple leadership styles—charismatic, transformational, servant, adaptive, mindful, and entrepreneurial—fosters proactive resilience in volatile environments like the COVID-19 pandemic. Practically, it offers startups actionable insights for embedding resilience into culture, aligning HR strategies with adaptability, and cultivating leadership capabilities essential for sustaining growth amid uncertainty.

A Study of Teachers’ Perceptions of the Principal’s Leadership Style and Their Job Satisfaction at Nelson English Language Centre, Yangon, Myanmar

Pont Pont Nyein Chan — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the relationship between principal leadership styles and teachers’ job satisfaction at Nelson English Language Centre in Yangon, Myanmar. Grounded in transformational and transactional leadership theories, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, a quantitative methodology was employed. Data were collected via surveys from 80 teachers. Findings revealed that teachers perceived their principal’s leadership style as primarily transformational, with a mean score of 3.18 on a five-point scale, while their job satisfaction was rated moderately high, averaging 3.45. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive correlation between transformational leadership and job satisfaction (r = 0.68, p < 0.01) and a moderate positive correlation with transactional leadership (r = 0.52, p < 0.05). These results suggest that transformational leadership practices—such as inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration—are closely linked to higher teacher satisfaction. School leaders are encouraged to adopt more transformative approaches to foster supportive, motivating environments that enhance teacher morale and retention. This research adds valuable insights to the limited literature on educational leadership and job satisfaction in Myanmar’s private language schools. It highlights the critical role of leadership styles in promoting organizational effectiveness.

The Practice-Based Research on Developing Online Video Advertisement within the Framework of Creative Tourism: A Case Study of the Ban Chiew Lan Hand-Woven Fabrics Group, Surat Thani Province, Thailand

Thapthep Parach — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Despite their cultural significance, handwoven fabrics in Thailand have seen a decline in popularity due to the rise of machine-made textiles. This research aims to support the Ban Chiew Lan Hand-Woven Fabrics Group in Surat Thani Province through promotional marketing grounded in creative tourism principles. Lacking formal expertise in branding or market communication, the community required a context-sensitive approach. Using a practice-based research methodology, the researcher engaged in field immersion, narrative listening, and creative development rooted in real-world constraints. Through interviews, situational analysis, and mind mapping, the project culminated in a short-form online video advertisement designed to resonate with Western tourists—identified as the key audience. The final video, featuring immersive storytelling, natural ambient sound, and Southern Thai music, depicts a one-day homestay experience including natural dyeing, weaving, and a visit to the scenic Chiew Lan Dam. Audience feedback guided iterative revisions, leading to added logistical information and still visuals. The completed media was adapted for multiple social media platforms. Importantly, this study synthesizes its process into a five-step Framework for Creating Community-Based Research Advertising Videos: (1) Field immersion and narrative listening, (2) Situational and marketing analysis, (3) Creative ideation, constraint mapping and semiotic strategy, (4) Prototype development and participatory review, and (5) Final production and platform adaptation. The framework demonstrates how creative storytelling, informed by real-time data, can bridge gaps between tradition, tourism, and digital communication—offering a scalable model for similar low-resource communities.

Enhancing Postgraduates’ English Communication Competencies through Experiential Learning

Hongmei Han, Yuguang Huo, Li Zhang — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

English communication competencies are increasingly crucial for academic and professional success. However, many non-English major postgraduate students in China struggle with effectively communicating in English as a foreign language (EFL). This study aims to examine whether experiential learning can make a difference to these student’ English communication competencies. A mixed-method approach was employed, with data collected from 178 postgraduate students at a Chinese university, through pre- and post-intervention surveys and student feedback reports. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired-samples t-tests, while qualitative data were coded and analyzed thematically. The results showed significant improvements in the students’ communication competencies, with qualitative findings highlighting the role of the instructor, group dynamics, content focus, and learning environment. The study demonstrates great potential of experiential learning for the enhancement of EFL communication competencies.

Impact of ESG Implications on HR Roles - A Case Study of Retail Business in Thailand

Panjai Jarusarn, Pawinee Petchsawang — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

With the implementation of the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) disclosure requirements, the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles are gaining prominence in Thailand. Human Resource (HR) practitioners are increasingly tasked with supporting sustainability initiatives and engaging diverse stakeholders. This study explores the impact of ESG integration on HR practitioners within a Thai retail company, drawing on Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) and Stakeholder Theory. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with HR practitioners. The collected data was analyzed to find common themes. Findings reveal two pathways. First, ESG acts as a catalyst that directly reshapes HR roles into new positions such as ESG Talent Developer and Green HRM Practitioner. Second, ESG acts as a validator of existing HR practices that already support stakeholder value, including Internal and External Stakeholder Advocates. A third insight highlights a boundary condition that ESG’s influence is limited unless HR leaders possess sufficient business acumen to balance profitability and sustainability. These findings contribute to the literature on HR role transformation and ESG integration, emphasizing the relevance of Stakeholder Theory in navigating interconnectedness, value creation, and stakeholder balance.

Influencing Factors of Postgraduates' Perceived Usefulness and Continuance Intention Towards Chinese University MOOCs: A Case Study of Chongqing University

Qian Zhang — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study delves into the factors affecting postgraduates’ perceived usefulness (PU) and continuance intention (CI) to use Chinese University MOOCs, focusing on postgraduates from two engineering majors at Chongqing University, China. Rooted in Expectation - Confirmation Theory (ECM), S-O-R model and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research examines seven variables: Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Learning Engagement (LEN), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Satisfaction (SAT), Cognitive Presence (CP), Continuance Intention (CI) and Teaching Presence (TP). A quantitative approach was adopted, with 500 valid questionnaires collected. CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) results demonstrated that the measurement model boasted high reliability and validity (AVE > 0.5, Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.7). SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis supported all six hypotheses, revealing significant positive relationships. The findings highlight that both system-related factors (PEU, PU) and interaction-related factors (TP, CP, LEN, SAT) are critical to sustaining postgraduates’ MOOC usage.

From Food to Memory: Tourists’ Perceived Value of Gastronomy Tourism Contributing to Destination Development

Sanhakot Vithayaporn, Jarujan Songsakul, Areewan Cheewaprapanan — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the multifaceted role of gastronomy tourism in destination development, emphasizing the significance of tourists’ perceived value in shaping experiential and strategic outcomes. Using a systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework, the research synthesizes high-quality scholarly sources to address three key questions: (1) To what extent does gastronomy tourism contribute to destination development? (2) How does gastronomy tourism influence the shaping and evolution of destination development strategies? (3) What is the impact of tourists’ perceived value of gastronomy tourism on destination development? The findings reveal that gastronomy tourism is not merely a supplementary attraction but a dynamic and transformative force that contributes to economic vitality, cultural preservation, and community engagement. Tourists perceived value—shaped by culinary authenticity, emotional resonance, and participatory experiences—plays a pivotal role in enhancing satisfaction and influencing destination image and loyalty. Moreover, gastronomy has become a strategic asset in place branding and sustainable tourism planning. This study contributes to a deeper theoretical and practical understanding of how food-related experiences evolve into memorable elements of travel, leaving lasting impressions that support long-term destination competitiveness. Implications for policy, tourism marketing, and local stakeholder engagement are discussed, along with recommendations for future research to explore emerging trends and interdisciplinary approaches in gastronomy tourism.

Improving Team Effectiveness of College Student Association of Science and Technology Innovation at Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology in China

Yingjian Chen, Vorapot Ruckthum — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to explore pathways to enhance the team effectiveness of college student association and examine their impacts on student development. Focusing on the College Student Association of Science and Technology Innovation (CSASTI) at Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology (ZUST), the research employed Organizational Development Intervention (ODI) to improve communication, innovation, incentive, and leadership skills to enhance team effectiveness. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interview, with a sample of 40 students participating in a three-month intervention. During the intervention, four targeted workshops were conducted, including the fishbowl conversation workshop for communication, the skills training workshop for innovation, the goal setting workshop for incentive, and the appreciative inquiry workshop for leadership skills. Data analysis revealed significant differences in all five variables before and after the ODIs, indicating that targeted ODI strategies could effectively improve team effectiveness. The findings suggest that by optimizing communication mechanisms, fostering innovative thinking, refining incentive systems, and strengthening leadership skills, the student association can not only increase operational team effectiveness but also better support student growth and development. This study provides practical insights and a feasible framework for improving the management of college student associations.

Improving Student Online English Learning Engagement in Blended Learning Through Organization Development Interventions

Aihong Yuan, Vorapot Rucktum — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study is to investigate how to improve student online English learning engagement through organization development interventions (ODIs) at Zhejiang Yuexiu University (ZYU). The current research was conducted with four research objectives: to discover the current situation of goal setting (GS), help seeking (HS), time management (TM), self-assessment (SA) and online learning engagement; to design and implement appropriate organization development interventions for improving GS, HS, TM, SA and promoting online English learning engagement; to identify the differences in GS, HS, TM, SA and online learning engagement between Pre-ODI and Post-ODI. This research investigated 42 students. The independent variables were goal setting, help seeking, time management and self-assessment, and the dependent variable was online learning engagement, including cognitive engagement, affective engagement and behavioral engagement. This research applied both quantitative and qualitative methods. The results of the paired samples t test and thematic analysis indicated that there was a significant difference in GS (t=9.58, p<0.01), HS (t=7.87, p<0.01), TM (t=8.91, p<0.01), SA (t=9.75, p<0.01) and online learning engagement (t=10.31, p<0.01) between pre-ODI and post-ODI. Based on the research findings, recommendations were proposed to improve goal setting, help seeking, time management and self-assessment

The Impact of Idol Worship on Chinese Undergraduate Students' Self-Identity: Mediated by Group Belongingness

Qingran Yang, Davud Shahidi — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

As Chinese undergraduates face increasing academic, career, and social pressures, developing a stable self-identity is a significant challenge. Understanding factors that may support self-identity development, such as idol worship, is important for promoting mental health and social adjustment among students. This study explored the impact of idol worship on the self-identity of Chinese undergraduate students, focusing on the mediating role of group belongingness. A quantitative survey was conducted among 164 Chinese undergraduate students exhibiting idol worship behaviors, using convenience sampling. The minimum required sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1 (68 participants) to ensure adequate statistical power, and 164 valid responses were analyzed for reliability. Participants completed scales measuring idol worship, group belongingness, and self-identity, and data were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that idol worship was positively associated with self-identity, with group belongingness partially mediating this relationship and enhancing students’ self-identity. These findings indicate that idol worship can support self-identity development through social connectedness, while excessive engagement may pose potential risks. This study deepens the understanding of undergraduate students’ idol worship culture and its psychological mechanisms and provides a reference for related educational and psychological counseling practices.

Mitigating Turnover Intention through Organization Development Interventions: An Action Research on Healthcare Professionals in Bangkok

Panisara Thitatorn, Papitchaya Wisankosol — Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the key determinants of employee turnover intention and evaluates the impact of Organizational Development Interventions (ODIs) in mitigating turnover intention among healthcare professionals in Bangkok. Conducted using an action research approach, the study involved 250 participants; nurses, doctors, and administrative staff, and was carried out in three phases: pre-ODI assessment, ODI implementation, and post-ODI evaluation. Data were collected through validated surveys measuring job satisfaction, motivation, work-life balance, leadership style, and turnover intention. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis revealed that all four organizational factors were significant negative predictors of turnover intention. In response, a set of targeted ODIs including job enrichment programs, wellness initiatives, and leadership training were implemented. Post-intervention analysis using Paired Sample t-tests showed significant improvements in job satisfaction, motivation, work-life balance, and leadership style, alongside a marked reduction in turnover intention. Effect size (Cohen’s d) calculations further confirmed the practical significance of these changes. The results highlight the effectiveness of tailored, multi-dimensional ODIs in improving retention and workplace satisfaction among healthcare professionals. This study contributes valuable insights to organizational development practices within the healthcare sector in Southeast Asia