Integrating Fraud Deterrence Propeller and Continuous Auditing for Enhanced Fraud Detection and Sustainability

Main Article Content

Koenta Adji Koerniawan
Dwi Fitrizal Salim
Deannes Isynuwardhana
Dudi Pratomo
Galuh Tresna Murti
Ferdio Ghifary Fidhien

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of the Fraud Deterrence Propeller (FDP) web-based application and continuous auditing (CA) in strengthening fraud detection and deterrence at PT. Kembang Christapharma & Group. Fraud remains a critical risk in Indonesia, leading to significant financial and reputational losses. Using an experimental design, this research integrates the FDP framework with the Beneish-M Score to assess financial reporting anomalies. Quantitative results show a strong correlation between the maturity of fraud deterrence and the effectiveness of fraud detection. Regression analysis confirms that both fraud deterrence maturity and CA significantly predict fraud detection outcomes. The analysis of financial reports indicates that the Beneish-M Score primarily detects earnings management, which, while not always fraud, signals irregularities that require audit follow-up. Qualitative findings highlight improved fraud awareness, stronger internal controls, and enhanced real-time monitoring. This study contributes to the literature by combining FDP and CA into a single framework, offering practical tools for fraud deterrence and sustainable development.

Article Details

Section
Articles

References

ACFE. (2020). 2019 Indonesian fraud survey. Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. https://acfe-indonesia.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/SURVEI-FRAUD-INDONESIA-2019.pdf

ACFE. (2022). Asia Pacific occupational fraud 2022: A report to the nations. Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. https://legacy.acfe.com/report-to-the-nations/2022/

Alles, M. G., & Kogan, A. (2010). Continuous auditing: A new view. The Journal of Information Systems, 24(1), 33-49. https://doi.org/10.2308/jis.2010.24.1.33

Alles, M. G., Kogan, A., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2018). Putting continuous auditing theory into practice: Lessons from two pilot implementations. In D. Y. Chan, V. Chiu, & M. A. Vasarhelyi (Eds.), Continuous Auditing (pp. 247–270). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78743-413-420181011

Alles, M. G., Brennan, G., Kogan, A., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2020). Continuous monitoring of business process controls: A pilot implementation of a continuous auditing system at Siemens. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 15(3), 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2014.06.001

Andrade, A. C. R. de, Penha, R., da Silva, L. F., Bizarrias, F. S., & Kniess, C. T. (2023). The adoption of technological tools in continuous audit projects. Revista de Administração da UFSM, 16(4), e5. https://doi.org/10.5902/1983465971587

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Chan, D. Y., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2011). Innovation and practice of continuous auditing. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 12(2), 152-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2011.01.001

Chan, K. C., Chen, Y., & Liu, B. (2020). The linear and non-linear effects of internal control and its five components on corporate innovation: Evidence from Chinese firms using the COSO framework. European Accounting Review, 30(4), 733–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2020.1776626

Cheng, M., & Dhaliwal, D. S. (2023). Audit quality and sustainable development: The role of auditors in ESG reporting. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.100989

Codesso, M. M., de Freitas, M. M., Wang, X., de Carvalho, A., & da Silva Filho, A. A. (2020). Continuous audit implementation at Cia. Hering in Brazil. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 17(2), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.2308/JETA-2020-006

de Freitas, M. M., Codesso, M., & Augusto, A. L. R. (2020). Implementation of continuous audit on the Brazilian Navy payroll. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 17(2), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.2308/JETA-2020-047

Erwanto, R. (2022, November 15). Agile software development. Medium. https://medium.com/@rheznandya.erwanto/agile-software-development-978be9dc929b

Eulerich, M., Fligge, B., Lopez-Kasper, V., & Wood, D. A. (2023). Patience is key: The time it takes to see benefits from continuous auditing. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4454724

Feung, J. L. C., & Thiruchelvam, I. V. (2020). A framework model for continuous auditing in financial statement audits using big data analytics. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(4), 3416–3434. https://ijstr.org/final-print/apr2020/A-Framework-Model-For-Continuous-Auditing-In-Financial-Statement-Audits-Using-Big-Data-Analytics.pdf

Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 23. Semarang, Indonesia: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Hasan, M. O. (2024). Breaking down the double diamonds. Marvin Hassan. https://www.marvin-hassan.com/case-studies/breaking-down-the-double-diamonds

INTOSAI. (2022a). Development overview of big data audits performed by supreme audit institutions from 2016 to 2021. INTOSAI Working Group on Big Data. https://www.audit.gov.cn/en/n749/c10296921/part/10296937.pdf

INTOSAI. (2022b). Research paper on innovative audit technology. INTOSAI Working Group on Big Data. https://www.audit.gov.cn/en/n749/c10296921/part/10299824.pdf

Jans, M., & Hosseinpour, M. (2019). How active learning and process mining can act as a continuous auditing catalyst. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 32, 44–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2018.11.002

Koerniawan, K. A. (2017). Fraud prevention: A study in regional private service agency (BLUD) for hospital in Malang Regency, Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 6(4). https://www.ijstr.org/final-print/apr2017/Fraud-Prevention-A-Study-In-Regional-Public-Service-Agency-blud-For-Hospital-In-Malang-Regency-Indonesia.pdf

Koerniawan, K. A. (2021). The influence of understanding of GICS, attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control on management’s intention to use a fraud control plan to deter fraud and its impact on fraud deterrence (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universitas Padjadjaran.

Koerniawan, K. A., Afiah, N. N., Sueb, M., & Supriadi, J. (2022). Fraud deterrence: The management’s intention in using FCP. Quality-Access to Success, 23(190), 292-301. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.190.31

Koerniawan, K. A. (2024a). Fraud theories & fraud deterrence propeller (1st ed.). Bandung, Indonesia: Tel-U Press.

Koerniawan, K. A., Murti, G. T., Saraswati, R. S., & Hilda. (2024b). Assessing fraud deterrence in private health clinics: Policy implications from West Java. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan (JRAK), 14(2). https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v14i2.32903

Koerniawan, K. A., Triyanto, D. N., Wahyuni, D., & Farida, A. L. (2024c). Fraud deterrence propellers for internal control quality improvement. Quality-Access to Success, 25(203). https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/25.203.08

Knoblauch, D., & Großmann, J. (2023). Towards a risk-based continuous auditing-based certification for machine learning. The Review of Socionetwork Strategies, 17, 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12626-023-00148-w

Luna-Reyes, L. F., Andersen, D. F., Black, L. J., & Pardo, T. A. (2021). Sensemaking and social processes in digital government projects. Government Information Quarterly, 38(2), 101570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101570

Minkkinen, M., Laine, J., & Mäntymäki, M. (2022). Continuous auditing of artificial intelligence: A conceptualization and assessment of tools and frameworks. Digital Society, 1(21). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44206-022-00022-2

Mökander, J., Axente, M., Casolari, F., & Floridi, L. (2022). Conformity assessments and post-market monitoring: A guide to the role of auditing in the proposed European AI regulation. Minds and Machines, 32, 241–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-021-09577-4

Polizzi, S., & Scannella, E. (2023). Continuous auditing in public sector and central banks: A framework to tackle implementation challenges. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 31(1), 40–59. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-02-2022-0011

Shahana, T., Lavanya, V., & Bhat, A. R. (2023). State of the art in financial statement fraud detection: A systematic review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 192, 122527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122527

Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung, Indonesia: Alfabeta.

Tronto, S., & Killingsworth, B. L. (2021). How internal audit can champion continuous monitoring in a business operation via visual reporting and overcome barriers to success? The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, 21(27), 23-59. https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-v21_2

Tüm, K. (2013). Continuous audit: From the concept towards the implementation. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 3(7). https://thejournalofbusiness.org/index.php/site/article/view/240/237

Werner, M., Wiese, M., & Maas, A. (2021). Embedding process mining into financial statement audits. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 41, 100514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2021.100514

Yoon, K., Liu, Y., Chiu, T., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2021). Design and evaluation of an advanced continuous data level auditing system: A three-layer structure. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 42, 100524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2021.100524