Scholar: Human Sciences

EDITORIAL

Rawin Vongurai — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Scholar: Human Sciences, a journal encompassing the fields of humanities and social sciences, has earned acclaim in the Thailand Citation Index (TCI) as a prominent publication since 2015. It currently holds the esteemed TCI: TIER1 classification. We take great pride in presenting the latest issue, which features a collection of manuscripts that have undergone rigorous evaluation. Each submission has been meticulously reviewed through a blinded review process by three specialized reviewers from different institutions, both internal and external to the authors. This peer-reviewed accreditation ensures the scholarly quality and integrity of the published articles.

This issue covers thirty articles. The first article, titled "Key Influencers Shaping Postgraduate Student Satisfaction and Continued Use of Knowledge Payment Platforms in Chengdu, China," identifies system quality, information quality, service quality, utilitarian value, and hedonic value as factors influencing graduate students' satisfaction and continuance intention toward knowledge payment platforms, finding that information quality is the strongest predictor of user satisfaction.

The second article, titled "Determining Factors Influencing Satisfaction with 'Chinese Landscape Painting Appreciation' in Shaanxi, China," investigates the factors influencing art students' satisfaction with the course "Appreciation of Chinese Landscape Painting" at Shangluo University, finding that social value, image, and artistic creativity all significantly affect student satisfaction.

The third article, titled "Exploring the Key Drivers of Student Satisfaction and Adoption of E-Learning Systems in Higher Vocational Colleges in Chengdu, China," examines how perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, habit, subjective norm, and attitude are interrelated in shaping students' satisfaction and intention to use e-learning systems, finding that student satisfaction is the most critical factor affecting intention to use.

The fourth article, titled "Critical Factors Shaping University Students' Satisfaction and Continued Engagement with E-Learning in Sichuan, China," explores the relationships among interactivity, course content quality, perceived usefulness, confirmation, perceived ease of use, and satisfaction on students' continuance intention to use e-learning at Xihua University, confirming all six hypotheses and establishing satisfaction as the key mediating variable.

The fifth article, titled "Exploring the Factors Influencing Audience Satisfaction at Contemporary Art Exhibitions: A Case Study from a Private University in Sichuan, China," investigates how utilitarian experience value, hedonic experience value, perceived value, aesthetics perceived quality, and education perceived quality significantly impact audience satisfaction at contemporary art exhibitions, while emotional value, social value, entertainment perceived quality, and escapism perceived quality do not.

The sixth article, titled "Examining Key Drivers of International Student Satisfaction in a Chinese University," explores the impact of access, academic services, administrative services, instructor quality, and perceived usefulness on international student satisfaction, finding that access, academic services, administrative services, and instructor quality all significantly influence satisfaction, while perceived usefulness does not.

The seventh article, titled "Determinants of Student Satisfaction in Professional Dance Courses: A Case Study of Sichuan Normal University's Dance College," investigates how students' expectations, course content, learning environment, and faculty-student interaction significantly influence satisfaction in professional dance education, while grades and perceived quality do not show significant effects.

The eighth article, titled "Determinants of Continuance Intention to Use a Hospital Information System in a Public Hospital in Sichuan, China," integrates the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Information Systems Success (ISS), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) frameworks to examine how information quality, facilitating conditions, and perceived usefulness positively influence continuance intention, while self-efficacy negatively affects it.

The ninth article, titled "The Influencing Factors of Blended Learning Performance Among College Students in Qingyang, Gansu Province," investigates how learning motivation, behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, agentic engagement, and feedback all significantly influence blended learning performance among college students, with a 14-week intervention further confirming significant improvements across all variables.

The tenth article, titled "Factors Affecting Graduate Students' Cognitive Attitude and Purchase Intentions Toward Live-Stream Shopping: A Study in Mianyang, China," demonstrates that customer engagement, professionalism, interaction, and price discounts significantly affect purchase intention, while cognitive trust and perceived risk influence perceived satisfaction, which in turn impacts purchase intention among undergraduate students in Mianyang, Sichuan.

The eleventh article, titled "Examining the Key Drivers of Art Major Undergraduates' Adoption of Drawing Software for Painting Education in Chongqing, China," explores behavioral intentions of art students toward drawing software, finding that perceived enjoyment, self-efficacy, effort expectancy, and attitude are significant positive drivers, whereas perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and satisfaction do not show significant effects.

The twelfth article, titled "Influences on Student Satisfaction with School Teaching: Insights from a College in Shandong Province," examines how campus life and social integration, teacher feedback quality, and education quality significantly impact student satisfaction, while instructor quality and course structure do not demonstrate significant effects among students in Shandong Province.

The thirteenth article, titled "Unraveling Success in Online Learning: Exploring Helpfulness, Usefulness, Compatibility, and Satisfaction Among College Students in Chengdu, China," analyzes how quality of experience, perceived ease of use, product demonstrability, product originality, and perceived compatibility drive satisfaction and helpfulness in online learning across twelve major universities in Chengdu, with product demonstrability emerging as the strongest predictor of satisfaction.

The fourteenth article, titled "Critical Factors Shaping Graduating Undergraduates' Satisfaction and Intention to Use Digital Libraries in Sichuan, China," reveals that information quality, service quality, resource quality, and content significantly influence user satisfaction with digital libraries, and that satisfaction in turn is the strongest predictor of intention to use, while system quality and digital library affinity do not show significant direct effects.

The fifteenth article, titled "Unpacking the Key Drivers of University Students' Satisfaction and Loyalty Towards Logistics Services in Zhanjiang, China," finds that operational quality, information quality, personnel contact quality, and service ordering procedure all significantly impact customer satisfaction, which serves as a mediating variable linking these service quality dimensions to customer loyalty among students in Zhanjiang.

The sixteenth article, titled "Driving Innovation: Exploring What Influences Restaurant Customers' Perception and Adoption of Service Robots in Chengdu, China," investigates how perceived ease of use, social image, ability, anthropomorphism, and autonomy influence perceived usefulness as an intermediate variable, which in turn drives restaurant customers' intention to use service robots in Chengdu, with perceived usefulness having the greatest direct effect on intention.

The seventeenth article, titled "Key Drivers of E-learning Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention Among Art Major Undergraduates: Insights from a Public University in Sichuan, China," finds that system quality and service quality significantly and positively impact perceived usefulness and satisfaction, and that both perceived usefulness and effort expectancy positively influence students' satisfaction and behavioral intentions, with performance expectancy mediating the relationship between system quality and satisfaction.

The eighteenth article, titled "Unpacking Customer Satisfaction in Chengdu's Booming Food Delivery Scene: What Drives Success in the App Economy?" examines how information quality, safety, food quality, and service quality affect customer satisfaction with Meituan's food delivery platform in Chengdu, finding that all four factors positively influence satisfaction, which in turn has a significant positive effect on customer loyalty.

The nineteenth article, titled "Determinants of Teachers' Behavioral Intention to Use a Learning Management System (LMS) in a Public University in Sichuan," reveals that perceived usefulness, attitude, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence all significantly influence teachers' behavioral intention to use a Learning Management System, with a 14-week strategic plan intervention producing significant improvements in intention.

The twentieth article, titled "Understanding Factors Impacting on Consumer Satisfaction and Continuance Intention Toward Online Shopping for Residents in Zhanjiang, China," explores how customer service, order tracking, returns, and trust directly and significantly affect customer satisfaction with online shopping platforms, and that satisfaction in turn strongly predicts continuance intention, while navigability does not show a significant effect.

The twenty-first article, titled "Identifying Key Factors Shaping University Students' Intentions at a University, Yunnan, China," examines how entrepreneurship education, the cognitive component, and perceived behavioral control significantly influence entrepreneurial intention among first-year international accounting and finance students in Yunnan, while entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial attitude do not, with a subsequent intervention producing significant improvements in entrepreneurial intention.

The twenty-second article, titled "Key Factors Affecting College Students' Continuance Intention Toward E-Learning in a Public College in Guangdong, China," finds that satisfaction, perceived usefulness, platform engagement, performance expectation, and openness all positively influence students' continuance intention to use e-learning platforms, with a 15-week intervention design further confirming significant improvements in continuance intention.

The twenty-third article, titled "Key Factors Shaping Students' E-Learning Satisfaction in Higher Education: A Study in Chengdu, China," demonstrates that social presence, service quality, information quality, learner quality, and perceived usefulness all contribute to enhancing student e-learning satisfaction at Xihua University, and that learners' attitudes and self-discipline play crucial roles in determining their engagement with online learning environments.

The twenty-fourth article, titled "A Research on Factors Impacting Occupational Satisfaction of College Teachers: A Case Study of Dezhou University of Technology in China," reveals that teacher self-efficacy, career motivation, school climate, principal's transformational leadership, and principal's transactional leadership all significantly affect teacher job satisfaction, with a 14-week intervention confirming significant improvements across all constructs.

The twenty-fifth article, titled "Determinants of Undergraduate Students' Attitude and Continuance Intention Toward Online Gaming in Chongqing, China," investigates how perceived enjoyment, subjective norms, flow experience, social interaction, perceived ease of use, and attitude all significantly influence students' continuance intention to play online games, with social interaction having the greatest impact and attitude serving as an intermediate variable for perceived enjoyment.

The twenty-sixth article, titled "Exploring the Drivers Behind Parents' Intentions to Support Fine Art Education for Primary and Middle School Students: A Case Study in Chengdu, China," finds that perceived ease of use, hedonic motivation, and subjective norms are the significant predictors of parents' behavioral intention to support their children's fine art learning, with a 14-week intervention further confirming significant differences in these variables before and after the program.

The twenty-seventh article, titled "Enhancing Factors of Undergraduate Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention Towards Universities in Chengdu, China," examines how experience, student satisfaction, and institutional reputation significantly influence students' behavioral intention, finding that student satisfaction has the greatest impact, and that experience influences perceived service quality while reputation directly shapes satisfaction, based on data from 500 students across eight universities in Chengdu.

The twenty-eighth article, titled "Factors Influencing Student Satisfaction with Art Troupe Activities: A Case Study of a University Art Troupe in Sichuan, China," investigates how utilitarian value, hedonic value, emotional value, and novelty significantly impact student satisfaction with art troupe events, while perceived value, facilities, and knowledge do not, with a 16-week intervention demonstrating significant differences in self-leadership and creativity between pre- and post-intervention stages.

The twenty-ninth article, titled "A Conceptual Metaphor Approach to Holocaust Literature and Its Pedagogical Relevance in Thai Education," analyzes metaphorical attributes in Heather Morris's The Tattooist of Auschwitz and Antonio Iturbe's The Librarian of Auschwitz, revealing symbolic themes of terror, suffering, survival, and death, and proposing pedagogical applications for Grade 12 English language instruction in Thailand to enhance students' empathetic and critical thinking skills.

The thirtieth article, titled "Improving Students' Learning Performance in Project-Based Learning for Visual Communication Design Education," employs a mixed-methods approach to demonstrate that self-efficacy, student satisfaction, cognitive engagement, learning attitude, and learning motivation all significantly influence learning performance in project-based visual communication design education, highlighting the importance of aligning instructional design with students' diverse learning styles.

Key Influencers Shaping Postgraduate Student Satisfaction and Continued Use of Knowledge Payment Platforms in Chengdu, China

Kejing Liang — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors influencing graduate students' behavioral intention (CI) and user satisfaction (USAT) with a knowledge payment platform. It focused on how system quality, information quality, service quality, utilitarian value, and hedonic value affect these outcomes. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: The research utilized a quantitative survey approach to collect data from 490 valid responses from 500 distributed questionnaires among graduate students in Chengdu, China. The study used a structured questionnaire to measure system quality (SEQ), information quality (INQ), service quality (SEQ), utilitarian value (UV), hedonic value (HV), user satisfaction (USAT), and continuance intention (CI), guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Information Systems Success Model (ISSM). Results: The analysis revealed that information quality was the most significant predictor of user satisfaction and influenced continuance intention. Five out of six proposed hypotheses were supported, while the data did not validate one hypothesis. Conclusions: The study concluded that enhancing information quality is crucial for improving user satisfaction and encouraging continued use of the knowledge payment platform. Future research should consider incorporating additional variables to expand and refine the conceptual framework for a more comprehensive understanding of user behavior.

Determining Factors Influencing Satisfaction with 'Chinese Landscape Painting Appreciation' in Shaanxi, China

Changlin Zhang — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This paper investigates the factors influencing the satisfaction of art students at Shangluo University regarding the course "Appreciation of Chinese Landscape Painting," taking art students at Shangluo University as the research subject. The conceptual framework posits that a causal relationship exists between social value, image, artistic creativity, and satisfaction. Research Design, Data, and Methods: The quantitative non-probabilistic sampling approach was employed to assess the satisfaction of 148 third-year fine arts students at Shangluo University with this course through questionnaires, encompassing the reliability test (IOC) of the questionnaire, IDI pretest, intervention activity, and IDI posttest. In the post-IDI phase, 30 students were again surveyed and t-tested to complete the post-test. Data analysis was carried out on all variables. Results: Demonstrate that the course "Appreciation of Chinese Landscape Painting" substantially impacts students' satisfaction regarding social value, image, and artistic creativity. Conclusions: The data analysis substantiates the three hypotheses proposed in this study. It also indicates that the objective of this study has been attained. Therefore, in course construction and teaching reform, particular attention should be paid to minimizing the influence of these aspects on students' satisfaction and providing higher-quality course materials to optimize the quality of the course reform.

Exploring the Key Drivers of Student Satisfaction and Adoption of E-Learning Systems in Higher Vocational Colleges in Chengdu, China

Hu Di — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This paper aims to study the important factors that affect students’ satisfaction and willingness to use e-learning in higher vocational colleges in Chengdu, China. The paper argues that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, students’ satisfaction, habit, subjective norm, attitude, and intention to use e-learning system are interrelated in the conceptual framework. Research design, data, and methodology: The paper adopts a quantitative survey and the questionnaires are distributed to 461 students from three majors of the School of Information Engineering of Chengdu Industrial Vocational and Technical College. In this survey, a multi-stage sampling strategy is adopted to collect survey data, including judgment and quota sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model are implemented to analyze the data. Results: Each exogenous variable significantly affects the relevant endogenous variables, among which SS has the most important impact on ITU. Meanwhile, PEOU has the most important impact on SS. All hypotheses have been confirmed to achieve the purpose of the study. Conclusions: The result indicates that to improve the efficiency of higher vocational college students in using E-Learning System, designers and developers of ELS, managers, and teaching staff of higher vocational colleges should emphasize the potential variables that have a significant impact on satisfaction with ELS and intention to use E-Learning.

Critical Factors Shaping University Students’ Satisfaction and Continued Engagement with E-Learning in Sichuan, China

Yanshu Xu — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study explored the key factors impacting university students' satisfaction and intention to use e-learning at Xihua University in Sichuan, China. The conceptual framework proposed relationships among Interactivity, Course Content Quality, Perceived Usefulness, Confirmation, Perceived Ease of Use, Satisfaction, and Continuance Intention. Research design, data, and methodology: A quantitative approach was employed, with a sample size of 500 students from Xihua University. The sampling strategy included judgmental sampling for school selection, quota sampling to determine the sample size, and convenience sampling for data collection and questionnaire distribution online. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess model fit, reliability, and construct validity. Results: The study revealed that interactivity, course content quality, perceived usefulness, confirmation, and ease of use significantly influenced students' satisfaction. Satisfaction was found to mediate the effect of these factors on students' continuance intention to use e-learning. Conclusions: The statistical analysis confirmed all six research hypotheses, indicating that the study successfully met its objectives. To enhance the effectiveness of e-learning, it is recommended that policymakers and program developers at Xihua University increase their investment in factors that impact student satisfaction and continuance intention and optimize the allocation of these resources.

Exploring the Factors Influencing Audience Satisfaction at Contemporary Art Exhibitions: A Case Study from a Private University in Sichuan, China

Hongbo Cai — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The study investigates the impact of utilitarian experience value, hedonic experience value, emotional value, social value, perceived value, aesthetics perceived quality, entertainment perceived quality, escapism perceived quality, education perceived quality on audience satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology: The research employed the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) for validity and a Cronbach's Alpha in a pilot test (n=30) for reliability. 240 valid responses from students in a private university in Sichuan were analyzed by multiple linear regression to verify the significant relationship between variables. Following this, 40 students underwent a 13-week Intervention Design Implementation (IDI). Afterward, the quantitative results from post-IDI and pre-IDI were analyzed in the paired-sample t-test for comparison. Results: In multiple linear regression, the study revealed that utilitarian experience value, hedonic experience value, perceived value, aesthetics perceived quality, and education perceived quality have a significant impact on audience satisfaction, while emotional value, social value, entertainment perceived quality, and escapism perceived quality has no significant impact on audience satisfaction. Finally, the results from the paired-sample t-test for comparison demonstrated significant differences between the post-IDI and pre-IDI stages. Conclusions: This research endeavors to provide exhibition planners with better services and theoretical and data support, such as developing a simpler, easier-to-operate, and more accurate audience satisfaction test system or providing more choices and references for the curation of subsequent contemporary art exhibitions.

Examining Key Drivers of International Student Satisfaction in a Chinese University

Haoli Wang — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The study explores the impact of five independent variables (Access, Academic Services, Administrative Services, Quality of Instructor, and Perceived Usefulness) on the dependent variable (International Student Satisfaction). Additionally, it seeks to determine significant differences between these variables before and after implementing a Strategic Plan (SP). Research design, data, and methodology: The study utilized the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) for validity and Cronbach's Alpha for reliability through a pilot test with 30 students. Data was collected from 80 valid responses from international students at a University in China, which were analyzed using multiple linear regression to verify the significant relationships between variables. Following this, a Strategic Plan was implemented, and the quantitative results from post-SP and pre-SP phases were compared using a paired-sample t-test. Results: The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that access, academic services, administrative services, and instructor quality significantly impacted international student satisfaction, while perceived usefulness did not significantly impact it. Additionally, the results from the paired-sample t-test showed a significant difference in international student satisfaction between the post-SP and pre-SP stages. Conclusions: This study aims to enhance international student satisfaction by improving key educational and administrative services at a university and advancing higher education for international students in China.

Determinants of Student Satisfaction in Professional Dance Courses: A Case Study of Sichuan Normal University's Dance College

Yuxin Jiang — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study aims to investigate student satisfaction with dance education at Sichuan Normal University. It explores the correlation between students' expectations, perceived quality, content, learning environment, grades, faculty-student interaction, student satisfaction, and other pertinent factors. Research design, data, and methodology: The action research is divided into three projects: pre-IDI, post-IDI, and post-IDI. A total of 100 students were selected to participate in the action research, and quantitative methods were employed to examine the impact of the IDI project among 30 students. In this study, the Organizational Culture Scale (IOC) was validated by five experts, and its reliability and validity were verified according to the research criteria. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that students' expectations, content, learning environment, and faculty-student interaction significantly influenced their satisfaction. However, no significant effects on grades and perceived quality were observed. The paired sample T-test results indicated significant changes in students' expectations, content, learning environment, faculty-student interaction, and student satisfaction between the post- and pre-IDI stages. Conclusions: This study suggests to enhance students' satisfaction with dance courses by improving their expectations towards course delivery along with enhancing course content comprehensibility perception as well as fostering a conducive learning environment and effective faculty-student interaction.

Determinants of Continuance Intention to Use a Hospital Information System in a Public Hospital in Sichuan, China

Wei Gou — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the determinants of Factors affecting continuance intention to use the hospital information system in a public hospital in Sichuan, China: an integration of TAM, ISS, and UTAUT. With the rapid development of the economy, informatization has emerged as a pioneering endeavor, influencing all aspects of life, including the medical field. Hospitals, as the main carriers of healthcare, have undergone significant transformations through the deep integration of traditional medical care and information technology. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: Under the continuous promotion of hospital information systems, the disadvantages caused by their usage have also received more and more attention. Integrating the different perspectives of the users, the system, and the organizational management can help analyze the important factors that affect the users' continuance intention. 506 questionnaires were collected online, and the structural equation model (SEM) was used for data analysis. Results: The results suggest that information quality, facilitating conditions, and perceived usefulness can significantly influence continuance intention, while self-efficacy negatively affects continuance intention. Conclusions: This research provides solid evidence for the validity of the integrated ECM, ISS, and SCT model in the hospital in the model formation system field, which can be a theoretical basis for enhancing medical efficiency.

The Influencing Factors of Blended Learning Performance Among College Students in Qingyang, Gansu Province

Ningfeng Luo — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The effects of six independent variables (Learning Motivation, Behavioral Engagement, Cognitive Engagement, Emotional Engagement, Agentic Engagement, and Feedback) on the dependent variable, Learning Performance in Blended Learning, were investigated. In addition, it aims to identify significant differences between variables. Research Design, Data, and Methods: The study used the KMO and Bartlett sphericity tests to evaluate the applicability of factor analysis as validity and Cronbach's alpha as reliability. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on 346 valid responses from Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology students to verify the significant relationship between variables. Subsequently, 60 students underwent a 14-week intervention design implementation (IDI). Then, a paired sample t-test was performed to compare the quantitative results before and after IDI. Results：In the multiple linear regression study, we found that learning motivation, behavioral participation, cognitive participation, emotional participation, actual participation, and feedback have a significant impact on learning performance. In addition, the result of significant value (P<0.05) shows that all independent variables impact student learning performance. Conclusions: Significant differences exist in learning motivation, behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, agent engagement, feedback, and learning performance in blended learning between the pre - and post-IDI stages.

Uncovering the Key Drivers Behind Undergraduates’ Willingness to Embrace Mobile Learning in Sichuan, China

Zeng Wei — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, facilitating conditions, social influence, and quality of service on undergraduates’ behavioral intention to use mobile learning in Sichuan, China. Research design, data, and methodology: The conceptual framework was built to combine the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) theory. A quantitative method with the target population was adopted through distributing questionnaires. After the index of Item–Objective Congruence (IOC), pilot test, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the data of 467 valid responses would be analyzed for testing the research hypotheses proposed. Results: The Research results show that the use of mobile learning in higher education and the perceived ease of use significantly influenced perceived usefulness, and both quality of service and perceived usefulness were the main driving factors for undergraduates' behavioral intention. Additionally, perceived enjoyment and facilitating conditions had a certain influence. Conclusions: This study's findings supported how higher education institutions urge students to use mobile learning in their life and learning processes. These findings have important implications for prompting the usage of mobile learning in the context of higher education.

Examining the Key Drivers of Art Major Undergraduates' Adoption of Drawing Software for Painting Education in Chongqing, China

Hu Binbin — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study aims to explore the behavioral intentions of art undergraduate students in Chongqing, China, when using drawing software to learn painting and to analyze the key factors influencing these intentions. The conceptual framework proposes that perceived enjoyment, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, self-efficacy, effort expectancy, and attitude influence behavioral intentions. Research design, data, and methodology: The research employed the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) for validity and a Cronbach's Alpha in a pilot test (n=50) for reliability. They employed quantitative techniques (n=100) to survey undergraduate art students from three universities. The 102 validated questionnaires were recovered using multiple linear regression analysis to verify the significant relationship between variables. Following this, 30 students underwent a 20-week Intervention Design Implementation (IDI). Afterward, the quantitative results from post-IDI and pre-IDI were analyzed in the paired-sample t-test for comparison. Results: In multiple linear regression, the study revealed that perceived enjoyment, self-efficacy, effort expectancy, and attitude have a significantly positive impact on students' behavioral intentions to use drawing software for learning painting, while the impacts of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and satisfaction are not significant. Through the Intervention Design and Implementation (IDI), these psychological factors of the students were significantly enhanced, thereby strengthening their intentions to use drawing software. Conclusions: By integrating these elements into the curriculum and pedagogical strategies, educators can foster a more positive and effective learning environment that embraces digital tools for artistic expression and skill development.

Influences on Student Satisfaction with School Teaching: Insights from a College in Shandong Province

Xiang Hui — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The study investigates the influence of five independent variables (Instructor Quality, Course Structure, Campus Life and Social Integration, Teacher Feedback Quality, and Education Quality) on one dependent variable (Student Satisfaction). Additionally, it aims to identify significant differences between variables. Research design, data, and methodology: The research employed the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) for validity and a Cronbach's Alpha in a pilot test (n=50) for reliability. 238 valid responses from students in a College, Shandong Province, were analyzed by multiple linear regression to verify the significant relationship between variables. Following this, 30 students underwent an 18-week Intervention Strategic Plan (SP). Afterward, the quantitative results from post-SP and pre-SP were analyzed in the paired-sample t-test for comparison. Results: In multiple linear regression, the study revealed that Campus Life and Social Integration, Teacher Feedback Quality, and Education Quality impacted student satisfaction, while (Instructor Quality and Course Structure had no significant impact on student satisfaction. Finally, the results from the paired-sample t-test for comparison demonstrated a significant difference in student satisfaction between the post-SP and pre-SP stages. Conclusions: This research aims to improve students' satisfaction with the school at LYT College, Shandong Province, China.

Unraveling Success in Online Learning: Exploring Helpfulness, Usefulness, Compatibility, and Satisfaction Among College Students in Chengdu, China

Liu Chang — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study seeks to analyze the impact of online learning on 12 major universities in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. The primary research focuses on the helpfulness, perceived usefulness, compatibility, and satisfaction with online learning. Research design, data, and methodology: The sample data were gathered using a questionnaire survey. This study has a target population of 500 people. Before disseminating the questionnaire, the content's validity and reliability were assessed using Project Objective Consistency (IOC) and Cronbach's Alpha preliminary tests, with outstanding results. To examine the data, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) will be used to ensure the model's goodness of fit and confirm the causal relationship between the hypothesis testing variables. Results: Quality of experience significantly impacts helpfulness, and perceived ease of use significantly impacts perceived usefulness and compatibility. Product demonstrability was the strongest predictor of satisfaction, followed by product originality and perceived compatibility. Conclusion: Six of the eight hypotheses presented were supported and proved to achieve the research objectives. Therefore, developers should ensure the quality of experience, perceived ease of use, compatibility, product originality, and product demonstrability of online learning systems.

Critical Factors Shaping Graduating Undergraduates' Satisfaction and Intention to Use Digital Libraries in Sichuan, China

Tang Di — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study investigated the critical factors affecting graduating undergraduates' satisfaction with and intention to use digital libraries in Sichuan, China. The conceptual framework explored the cause-and-effect relationships among information quality, service quality, system quality, digital libraries’ affinity, resource quality, content, satisfaction, and intention to use. Research design, data, and methodology: A quantitative approach was employed with a sample size of 500 graduating undergraduates from the Southwestern University of Finance and Economics (SWUFE), Tianfu College, Sichuan Province, China. The study utilized non-probability sampling methods, including judgmental sampling to select four majors, quota sampling to determine sample size, and convenience sampling to collect data via online and offline questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), focusing on model fit, reliability, and construct validity. Results: The findings reveal that information quality and service quality of digital libraries have a significant direct impact on user satisfaction, while resource quality and content also notably affect satisfaction. Satisfaction, in turn, has the strongest influence on the intention to use digital libraries. However, system quality and digital libraries' affinity do not significantly impact satisfaction. Conclusions: Based on these results, it is recommended that digital libraries enhance their services for graduating students by improving system quality and fostering emotional engagement.

Unpacking the Key Drivers of University Students' Satisfaction and Loyalty Towards Logistics Services in Zhanjiang, China

Chao Zhang — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This paper investigates the key factors influencing university students' satisfaction and loyalty in using logistics services in Zhanjiang, China. The conceptual framework presents the causal relationships among operational quality, information quality, personnel contact quality, service ordering procedure, price satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology: Researchers used a quantitative approach to administer a survey to 500 students from Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology in China. Non-probability sampling techniques were judgmental sampling, quota sampling, and convenience sampling for data collection. Both online and offline distribution methods were employed to disseminate the questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, encompassing model fit, reliability, and structural validity assessments. Results: The findings demonstrate that operational quality, information quality, personnel contact quality, and service ordering procedure exert a significant impact on customer satisfaction, which in turn serves as a mediating variable affecting the relationship between these factors and customer loyalty. Additionally, both price satisfaction and customer satisfaction significantly impact customer loyalty. Among the variables examined, customer satisfaction has the most pronounced effect on customer loyalty, with price satisfaction being the next most influential factor. Conclusions: The statistical data proposes that logistics service providers should increase their investment in factors that influence satisfaction and loyalty and optimize and elevate the quality of these corresponding factors to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Driving Innovation: Exploring What Influences Restaurant Customers' Perception and Adoption of Service Robots in Chengdu, China

Ou Yue — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This paper investigates the crucial factors of service robots’ significant impact on restaurant customers’ perceived usefulness and intention to use them in Chengdu, China. The conceptual framework provided cause-and-effect correlations between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social image, ability, anthropomorphism, autonomy, and intention to use. Research design, data, and methodology: Restaurant customers in Chengdu, China’s national center city, were given the questionnaire by the researcher using a quantitative method (n=500). Non-probability sampling techniques encompassed judgmental sampling, which was used to choose four hot pot and Sichuan cuisine restaurants; quota sampling, which defined the sample size; and convenience sampling, which was used to gather data and send questionnaires online. The investigator carried out the data analysis, including model fit, reliability, and construct validity, using structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The findings indicated that each exogenous variable had a significant effect on the corresponding endogenous variable, with Perceived usefulness providing the greatest consequence on Intention to use. Perceived ease of use, social image, Ability, Anthropomorphism, and Autonomy used Perceived usefulness as an intermediate variable to influence restaurant customer’s Intention to use. Conclusions: Organizations, managers, and stakeholders in service robots must focus more on perceived ease of use, usefulness, social image, ability, anthropomorphism, and autonomy using automated systems, which enhance the Intention to use robotic restaurants.

Key Drivers of E-learning Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention Among Art Major Undergraduates: Insights from a Public University in Sichuan, China

Liping Xu — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study aims to identify and examine the key factors influencing undergraduate art students' behavioral intentions and satisfaction with online learning at a public institution in Sichuan, including system quality, service quality, perceived usefulness, effort expectancy, and performance expectancy. Research design, data, and methodology: A quantitative research methodology was adopted through a survey administered to 500 undergraduate students with over one year of online learning experience. To ensure a representative sample, stratified random sampling, convenience sampling, and purposive sampling were employed. Before data collection, a pilot test (n = 50) and the Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) index were utilized to validate and ensure the reliability of the questionnaire. Convergent and discriminant validity of the measurement model were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was then applied to examine the relationships between the variables. Results: The findings indicate that system quality and service quality significantly positively impact perceived usefulness and satisfaction. Both perceived usefulness and effort expectancy were found to positively influence students' satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Additionally, performance expectancy mediates the relationship between system quality and satisfaction, with satisfaction being a crucial determinant of behavioral intentions. Conclusions: The study highlights that improving system and service quality in online learning is a valuable strategy for enhancing the satisfaction and positive behavioral intentions of undergraduate art students.

Unpacking Customer Satisfaction in Chengdu's Booming Food Delivery Scene: What Drives Success in the App Economy?

Yingxue Zhang — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study aims to explore the key factors that significantly impact user satisfaction with Meituan's food delivery platform in Chengdu, China. Research design, data, and methodology: By integrating relevant theories and literature, a conceptual framework of variables such as information quality, price/value, safety, food quality, service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty was constructed to reveal the causal relationship between them. A quantitative method (n=500) was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on Meituan users in five districts of Chengdu. The sample was selected using a multi-stage sampling method, including judgment, stratified random, and convenience sampling. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), including model fitting, reliability, and validity tests. Results: The results showed that information quality significantly impacted price value, safety on customer satisfaction, food quality on customer satisfaction, service quality on customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. Conclusions: The findings revealed that information quality significantly enhances price value, while safety, food quality, and service quality positively affect customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction has a significant positive effect on customer loyalty. However, the effects of price value and information quality on customer satisfaction were found to be insignificant.

Determinants of Teachers’ Behavioral Intention to Use a Learning Management System (LMS) in a Public University in Sichuan

Shanshan Zhang — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The study investigates the influence of five independent variables (Perceived Usefulness, Attitude, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, and Social Influence) on dependent variables (Behavioral Intention). In addition, this study also aimed to identify significant differences between the variables. Research design, data, and methodology: The research employed the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) for validity and a Cronbach's Alpha in a pilot test (n=30) for reliability. The multiple linear regression analyzed 60 valid responses from teachers of Sichuan University to verify the significant relationship between variables. Following this, 30 teachers underwent a 14-week Strategic Plan (SP). Afterward, the quantitative results from post-SP and pre-SP were analyzed in the paired-sample t-test for comparison. Results: In multiple linear regression, the study revealed that Perceived Usefulness, Attitude, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, and Social Influence significantly impacted teacher's Behavioral Intention. Finally, the results from the paired-sample t-test for comparison demonstrated a significant difference in teachers' Behavioral Intention between the post-SP and pre-SP stages. Conclusions: This study aims to improve the behavior intention of teachers by using LMS to influence Perceived Usefulness, Attitude, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, and Social Influence in the background of the construction of Double First-class Universities in China.

Understanding Factors Impacting on Consumer Satisfaction and Continuance Intention Toward Online Shopping for Residents in Zhanjiang, China

Chengyi Tang — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study explored the factors influencing online shopping satisfaction among shoppers in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. A conceptual framework proposes navigability, customer service, tracking, return, trust, customer satisfaction, and continuance intention. Research design, data, and methodology: The scope of this study is to investigate the influencing factors of the residents of 9 districts and counties in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China, who are all over 18 years old and have rich online shopping experience (at least half a year), and investigate their satisfaction with online shopping platforms and their willingness to continue using them. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM) are used to analyze the data, verify the model's goodness of fit, and determine the causal relationship between hypothesis test variables. Results: Customer service, tracking, returns, and trust directly and significantly affect customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction directly and significantly affects the intention to continue. However, in this study, the effect of navigability on customer satisfaction is not significant, so this hypothesis needs to be supported. Conclusions: This study has important theoretical significance and practical value for the sustainable development of online shopping platforms. In particular, it has important theoretical and practical value for improving the user experience of residents using online shopping platforms in various provinces and cities in China.

Identifying Key Factors Shaping University Students’ Intentions at a University, Yunnan, China

Zi Xu — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study focuses on the impact of five independent variables (entrepreneurship education, the cognitive component, perceived behavioral control, entrepreneurial passion, and entrepreneurial attitude) on the dependent variable (entrepreneurial intention). Research design, data, and methodology: This study was tested through a pilot test of 30 students, and the validity was tested using the Item Objective Consistency Index (IOC), and reliability was tested using Cronbach's Alpha. The data came from 80 valid questionnaires of international accounting and finance students in their first year at the International Business School of a university in Yunnan Province, China. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to verify the significant relationship between variables. Subsequently, the IDI was used to conduct the intervention, and the paired sample T-test was used to compare the quantitative results before and after the IDI. Results: Through multiple regression analysis, it was found that entrepreneurship education, the cognitive component, and perceived behavioral control have a significant impact on entrepreneurial intention, while entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial attitude have no significant impact. The results of the paired sample t-test also showed a significant difference in entrepreneurial intention between the post-IDI and pre-IDI stages. Conclusion: Schools should actively build various practical platforms for entrepreneurship and innovation to fully allow students to exercise their relevant skills and abilities.

Key Factors Affecting College Students' Continuance Intention Toward E-Learning in a Public College in Guangdong, China

Wenjing Li — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study examines the impact of five independent variables—satisfaction, perceived usefulness, platform engagement, performance expectation, and openness—on the intention to use e-learning platforms among students at a public university in Guangdong, China. Additionally, the study aims to identify significant differences between these variables. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: The research utilized the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) for validity testing and Cronbach's Alpha in a pilot test (n=30) for reliability assessment. Data from 178 students were analyzed using multiple linear regression to examine the significant relationships between variables. Subsequently, 30 students participated in a 15-week Intervention Design Implementation (IDI). Quantitative results from before and after the intervention were compared using a paired-sample t-test. Results: Multiple linear regression results indicated that satisfaction, perceived usefulness, platform engagement, performance expectation, and openness positively influenced students' continuance intention to use the e-learning platform. The paired-sample t-test results demonstrated significant differences in the continuance intention towards e-learning before and after the IDI intervention. Conclusions: This study aims to foster students' creativity and enhance their continuance intention towards using e-learning platforms through cultivating self-leadership skills in the Guangdong region. The findings provide significant empirical support for the design of user experiences and educational practices in e-learning systems.

Key Factors Shaping Students' E-Learning Satisfaction in Higher Education: A Study in Chengdu, China

Yanzhi cheng — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This research aimed to enhance student satisfaction by fostering social presence, quality of service, information, learner, and perceived usefulness. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: The sample was 80 full-time students from the three main colleges of Xihua University. The change level was determined by conducting the same questionnaire before and after the strategic plan (SP). The data was analyzed, and the hypotheses were tested using mixed methods research. Experts conducted the item-objective congruence (IOC) test and pilot test, and multiple linear regression (MLR) indicated that mean values change significantly for those six variables between pre- and post-SP. The strategic plans included team establishment, goal setting, SWOT analysis, policy support, and course program. Results: Findings from qualitative research methods proved improvements in all variables between the pre-and post-SP. Additionally, innovative approaches to improving student satisfaction are discussed, along with recommendations and limitations for future research. Conclusions: Learners' attitudes and self-discipline play crucial roles in influencing satisfaction with online learning. A negative learning attitude, reluctance to engage in online platforms, a tendency to passively absorb information in traditional settings, and a lack of initiative are key factors that diminish satisfaction in online learning environments.

A Research on Factors Impacting Occupational Satisfaction of College Teachers: A Case Study of Dezhou University of Technology in China

Shanshan Xu — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The study investigates the influence of five independent variables (Teacher’s Self-efficacy, Teacher’s Career Motivation, School Climate, Principal’s Transformational Leadership, and Principal’s Transactional Leadership) on one dependent variable (Teacher’s job satisfaction). Additionally, it aims to identify significant differences between variables. Research design, data, and methodology: The research employed the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) for validity and a Cronbach’s Alpha in a pilot test (n=40) for reliability. 280 valid responses from lectures at a college were analyzed by multiple linear regression to verify the significant relationship between variables. Following this, 40 lectures underwent a 14-week Intervention Design Implementation (IDI). Afterward, the quantitative results from post-IDI and pre-IDI were analyzed in the paired-sample t-test for comparison. Results: In multiple linear regression, the study revealed that teacher’s self-efficacy, teacher’s career motivation, school climate, principal’s transformational leadership, and principal’s transactional leadership had a significant impact on teacher’s jobs satisfaction. Finally, the results from the paired-sample t-test for comparison demonstrated a significant difference in teacher’s self-efficacy, teacher career motivation, school climate, principal’s transformational leadership, and principal’s transactional leadership between the post-IDI and pre-IDI stages. Conclusions: This study aims to explore the factors that affect the professional satisfaction of college lectures to improve the teaching quality of colleges and universities.

Determinants of Undergraduate Students' Attitude and Continuance Intention Toward Online Gaming in Chongqing, China

Yingpeng Chen — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This paper aims to study the factors influencing the intention of sophomores and above to continue playing online games at Chongqing Industrial Vocational and Technical College. The conceptual framework suggests a causal relationship exists between perceived enjoyment, attitude, subjective norm, social interaction, flow experience, perceived ease of use, and continuous intention. Research Design, Data, and Methods: The researcher used quantitative techniques (n=500) to conduct a questionnaire survey among the target student population of Chongqing Industrial Vocational and Technical College, China. Non-probability sampling includes judgment sampling to select students who have been in school for one year or more, quota sampling to determine sample size, and convenience sampling to collect data and distribute questionnaires online. The researchers used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) for data analysis, including analysis of model fit, reliability, and construct validity quantitative techniques (n=500). Results: Perceived enjoyment significantly impacts continuous intention, and attitude is an intermediate variable of perceived enjoyment. Subjective norms, flow experience, social interaction, perceived ease of use, and attitude all significantly impact students' willingness to continue playing online games, among which social interaction has the greatest impact and subjective norms have the least impact. Conclusion: This study can not only help educational practitioners understand students' attitudes and emotional values towards online games, reveal their physical and mental health, and provide assistance for strengthening student management and formulating corresponding educational policies but also help the game industry and software development companies to provide user motivation in online game design to encourage users to use it.

Exploring the Drivers Behind Parents' Intentions to Support Fine Art Education for Primary and Middle School Students: A Case Study in Chengdu, China

Qin Wei — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The study investigated the effect of seven independent variables (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social influence, hedonic motivation, self-efficacy, perceived satisfaction, subjective norms) on the dependent variable (behavioral intent). Furthermore, it is designed to identify significant differences between variables. Research design, data, and methodology: The project-objective consistency index was used to evaluate the validity of this study. Cronbach's Alpha was used for the pilot test (n=30) to evaluate reliability. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on 100 valid questionnaires of students from the Western District of Chengdu Baotongshu Primary School, Chengdu Shishi Joint Middle School, and Chengdu Baotongshu Middle School to verify the significant relationship between the variables. Subsequently, 40 students underwent a 14-week Intervention Design Implementation Then, the quantitative results before and after idioms were compared using a paired sample T-test. Results: The analysis revealed that perceived ease of use, hedonic motivation, and subjective norm significantly influence parents' behavioral intention to support art learning. The comparison results of the paired sample T-test further confirmed these findings, showing significant differences in perceived ease of use, hedonic motivation, subjective norms, and behavioral intent between the pre-IDI and post-IDI stages. Conclusion: These findings can be used to develop strategies encouraging parental involvement in students' fine art learning, enhancing the overall learning experience.

Enhancing Factors of Undergraduate Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention Towards Universities in Chengdu, China

Zeng Yan — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study examines the factors that impact undergraduate satisfaction with higher education in Chengdu, China. The conceptual framework proposed reputation, student satisfaction, social identification, information, experience, and the relationship between perceived service quality and behavioral intention. Research design, data, and methodology: Using questionnaires distributed to students from 8 universities in Chengdu using a quantitative method (n=500) allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing undergraduate satisfaction. Using Purposive Sampling and Stratification random sampling facilitated data collection and distribution. At the same time, Structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided robust data analysis, including the model fit and the validity of the structure. Results: This study's results have practical implications for educational practices. They showed that experience, student satisfaction, and reputation significantly influence behavioral intention. Notably, student satisfaction has the greatest impact on behavioral intention. Experience impacts perceived service quality, and reputation impacts student satisfaction. Conclusions: The six hypotheses of this study have been rigorously tested and proven, successfully achieving the research objectives. Therefore, it is recommended that colleges and universities focus on improving college students' satisfaction, understanding their needs, enhancing the educational experience, optimizing the teaching structure, and elevating the teaching level.

Factors Influencing Student Satisfaction with Art Troupe Activities: A Case Study of a University Art Troupe in Sichuan, China

Xiayi Li — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: The study investigates the influence of seven independent variables (Utilitarian, hedonic, perceived value, emotional value, facilities, knowledge, novelty) on one dependent variable (student’s satisfaction with art troupe events). Additionally, it aims to identify significant differences between variables. Research design, data, and methodology: The research employed the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) for validity and a Cronbach’s Alpha in a pilot test (n=30) for reliability. 93 valid responses from students at a comprehensive university in Sichuan, China, were analyzed by multiple linear regression to verify the significant relationship between variables. Following this, 30 students underwent a 16-week Intervention Design Implementation (IDI). Afterward, the quantitative results from post-IDI and pre-IDI were analyzed in the paired-sample t-test for comparison. Results: In multiple linear regression, the study revealed that Utilitarian, hedonic, emotional value and novelty, impacted student’s satisfaction in art troupe events, while perceived value, facilities, and knowledge had no significant impact on satisfaction. The results from the paired-sample t-test for comparison demonstrated significant differences in self-leadership and creativity between the post-IDI and pre-IDI stages. Conclusion: This research fosters students’ satisfaction with art troupe events in Sichuan, China.

A Conceptual Metaphors in Holocaust Literature: Pedagogical Implications for Thai Education

Pakthima Supanchaikul — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze (1) the metaphorical attributes inherent in the Holocaust literary genre, particularly in Heather Morris’s The Tattooist of Auschwitz and Antonio Iturbe’s The Librarian of Auschwitz, and (2) to compare the portrayal of Holocaust survivors' life experiences in these works through the perspective of metaphorical elements. The study utilizes thematic analysis and metaphorical identification by interpreting the conventional metaphor from selected samples in chapters 19-24 of The Tattooist of Auschwitz and chapters 19-23 and 25-27 of The Librarian of Auschwitz. They are emphasizing the narrative structure from the climax to the denouement, situated in Auschwitz and perceived through the protagonist's viewpoint. The results show symbolic themes of terror, suffering, life experience, survival, and death. The statistics show that both writers used metaphor differently. Morris described the protagonist's life, tasks, and experiences, whereas Iturbe used the library, literature, and art to show life and survival. Moreover, the findings will yield pedagogical consequences for English language training in Thailand, primarily aimed at Grade 12 pupils. This research seeks to clarify the significance and roles of metaphorical elements relevant to the Thai context, employing the Holocaust genre as a case study to improve students' empathetic and critical thinking skills.

Improving Students' Learning Performance in Project-Based Learning for Visual Communication Design Education

Sijia Wang — Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose: This study aims to explore the factors affecting students' learning performance in project-based learning within visual communication design education. It focuses on independent variables such as self-efficacy, student satisfaction, cognitive engagement, learning attitude, and learning motivation, with learning performance as the dependent variable. Research design, data, and methodology: This research uses a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative data from interviews and observations and quantitative data from online questionnaires. The Item Objective Congruence (IOC) method was used to validate the questionnaire, with data analyzed using Jamovi software for Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. T-tests and multiple linear regression analysis were adopted to test hypotheses. 15 teachers were interviewed, and 80 students were surveyed. Results: The findings support the five hypotheses, which are self-efficacy, student satisfaction, cognitive engagement, learning attitude, and learning motivation, which impact students' learning performance in project-based learning. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the significance of these variables. Additionally, qualitative observations provided insights into individual and instructional factors affecting student performance. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of aligning instructional design with students’ diverse learning styles. It suggests strategies to improve project-based learning efficiency, ultimately enhancing the quality of visual communication design education.