Factors Affecting Graduate Students' Cognitive Attitude and Purchase Intentions Toward Live-Stream Shopping: A Study in Mianyang, China

Main Article Content

Jiemei Hu

Abstract

Purpose: This paper aims to study the factors influencing the Live-stream Shopping Cognitive attitudes and purchase intentions of undergraduate students in Mianyang. The conceptual framework demonstrates the causal relationships between customer engagement, professionalism, interaction, price discount, cognitive trust, perceived risk, perceived satisfaction, and purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology: The researchers employed quantitative techniques (n=500) to distribute questionnaires to undergraduate students from four majors—Biological Engineering, Architectural Engineering, Information Engineering, and Environmental Engineering—at Southwest University of Science and Technology in Mianyang Sichuan Province, China. Non-probability sampling methods were used, including judgment sampling to select the four majors, quota sampling to determine the sample size, and convenience sampling to collect data and distribute online and offline questionnaires. The researchers used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for data analysis, which included model fit, reliability, and construct validity. Results: The results indicate that customer engagement, professionalism, interaction, and price discounts significantly affect purchase intention. Cognitive trust and perceived risk significantly influence perceived satisfaction, which has a substantial impact on purchase intention. Conclusions: The study recommends that more employment opportunities be provided to on-campus graduate students to improve their shopping environment and stabilize their consumption. Live streaming platforms can also take special measures to address this issue.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Hu, J. (2026). Factors Affecting Graduate Students’ Cognitive Attitude and Purchase Intentions Toward Live-Stream Shopping: A Study in Mianyang, China. AU-GSB E-JOURNAL, 19(1), 101-113. Retrieved from https://assumptionjournal.au.edu/index.php/AU-GSB/article/view/8559
Section
Articles
Author Biography

Jiemei Hu

Ph.D. Candidate in Technology, Education and Management, Graduate School of Business and Advanced Technology Management, Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand.

References

Abdullah, T., Deraman, S. N. S., Zainuddin, S. A., Azmi, N. F., Abdullah, S. S., Anuar, N., Mohamad, S. R., Hashim, N., Amri, N. A., Abdullah, A. R., & Rasdi, A. L. M. (2020). Impact of social media influencer on Instagram user purchase intention towards fashion products: The perspectives of UMK Pengkalan Chepa campus students. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 1, 1-2.

Al-Mamary, Y. H., & Shamsuddin, A. (2015). The impact of information technology on the performance of the manufacturing sector in Yemen. International Journal of Computer Applications, 118(12), 31-39.

Anaza, N. A., Kemp, E., Briggs, E., & Borders, A. L. (2020). Tell me a story: The role of narrative transportation and the C-suite in B2B advertising. Industrial Marketing Management, 89, 605-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.02.002

Arbuckle, J. L. (1995). Amos 4.0 user’s guide (1st ed.). Small Waters Corporation.

Aref, M. M., & Okasha, A. E. (2020). Evaluating the online shopping behavior among Egyptian college-educated community. Review of Economics and Political Science, 5(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1108/reps-10-2018-0013

Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance: An expectation-confirmation model. MIS Quarterly, 25(3), 351-370. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250921

Bianchi, C., & Andrews, L. (2018). Consumer engagement with retail firms through social media: An empirical study in Chile. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 46(4), 364-385. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-02-2017-0035

Cai, S., Luo, Q., Fu, X., & Fang, B. (2020). What drives the sales of paid knowledge products?. A two-phase approach. Information & Management, 57(5), 103264.

Chai, J. C. Y., Malhotra, N. K., & Alpert, F. (2015). A two-dimensional model of trust-value-loyalty in service relationships. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57(5), 103264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103264

Chang, H. H., Tseng, Y. H., & Wu, J. J. (2015). The impact of social media on consumer behavior: A study of social media marketing in Taiwan. Journal of Marketing Research, 52(2), 219-231.

Chen, H. Y., & Ren, J. F. (2022). The effect of influencer persona on consumer decision-making towards short-form video ads—from the angle of narrative persuasion. In G. Salvendy & J. Wei (Eds.), Design, operation, and evaluation of mobile communications. HCII 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (pp. 294-308). Springer.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05014-5_18

Chen, L., Wang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2021). The impact of digital marketing on consumer behavior: A systematic review. Journal of Business Research, 122, 559-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.07.030

Cheng, Y., & Jiang, H. (2020). How do AI-driven chatbots impact user experience? Examining gratifications, perceived privacy risk, satisfaction, loyalty, and continued use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 64(4), 592-614. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2020.1834296

Cheung, M. L., Pires, G., & Rosenberger, P. J. (2020). The influence of perceived social media marketing elements on consumer-brand engagement and brand knowledge. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 32(3), 695-720. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjml-04-2019-0262

Choi, C., & Bum, C. H. (2020). A comparative study of differences in consumers’ impulse buying behaviours, purchase satisfaction, and complaint behaviours based on types of products purchased. Sport Mont, 18(3), 95-100.

Choi, J., Li, Y. J., Rangan, P., Chatterjee, P., & Singh, S. N. (2014). The odd-ending price justification effect: The influence of price-endings on hedonic and utilitarian consumption. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 42(5), 545-557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0369-6

Cook, K. S., & Emerson, R. M. (1978). Power, equity, and commitment in exchange networks. American Sociological Review, 43(5), 721-739. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094575

Crapa, G., Latino, M. E., & Roma, P. (2024). The performance of green communication across social media: Evidence from large-scale retail industry in Italy. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(1), 493-513. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2581

Crespo, C. F., Ferreira, A. G., & Cardoso, R. M. (2023). The influence of storytelling on the consumer-brand relationship experience. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 11(1), 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-021-00149-0

DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (1992). Information systems success: The quest for the dependent variable. Information Systems Research, 3(1), 60-95.

https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.3.1.60

Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers’ product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 307-319.

https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379102800305

Dong, X., Zhao, H., & Li, T. (2022). The role of live-streaming e-commerce on consumers’ purchasing intention regarding green agricultural products. Sustainability, 14(7), 4374.

https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074374

Duong, T. V., Vu, L. V., Vu, H. T. T., Mulcahy, D., Bragin, A. M., Poyarkov, N. A., & Grismer, L. L. (2024). Another new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1927 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) of the angularis group from the karstic landscape of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, central Vietnam. Zootaxa, 5471(5), 555-571. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5471.5.3

Ebrahimi, P., Khajeheian, D., Soleimani, M., Gholampour, A., & Fekete-Farkas, M. (2023). User engagement in social network platforms: What key strategic factors determine online consumer purchase behaviour? Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(1), 2106264.

https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2022.2106264

Feng, Y. (2018). Facilitator or inhibitor? The use of 360-degree videos for immersive brand storytelling. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 18(1), 28-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1446199

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research (1st ed.). Addison-Wesley.

Fu, J.-R., Lu, I.-W., Chen, J. H. F., & Farn, C.-K. (2020). Investigating consumers’ online social shopping intention: An information processing perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 54, 102189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102189

Fuchs, G., & Reichel, A. (2011). An exploratory inquiry into destination risk perceptions and risk reduction strategies of first-time vs. repeat visitors to a highly volatile destination. Tourism Management, 32(2), 266-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.01.012

Galati, A., Rossi, L., & Kim, J. (2021). Enhancing urban sustainability through innovative technologies. Journal of Urban Planning, 38(3), 456-467.

Gao, L., Li, H., Liang, S., Yang, J., & Law, R. (2022). How does constraining description affect guest booking decisions and satisfaction?. Tourism Management, 93, 104607.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104607

Gao, X., Xu, X. Y., Tayyab, S. M. U., & Li, Q. (2021). How the live streaming commerce viewers process the persuasive message: An ELM perspective and the moderating effect of mindfulness. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 49, 101087.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101087

Gefen, D. (2002). Customer loyalty in e-commerce. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 3(1), 27-51. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00022

Glick, W. H. (1985). Conceptualizing and measuring organizational and psychological climate: Pitfalls in multi-level research. Academy of Management Review, 10(3), 601-616.

https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4279091

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Babin, B. J., & Black, W. C. (2016). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson.

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.

Hartog, D. N. D., & Verburg, R. M. (2004). High performance work systems, organizational culture, and firm effectiveness. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(1), 55-78.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2004.tb00113.x

Heath, C., Chatterjee, S., & France, K. R. (1995). Mental accounting and changes in price: The frame dependence of reference dependence. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(1), 90-97. https://doi.org/10.1086/209437

Heung, V. C., & Ngai, E. W. (2008). The mediating effects of perceived value and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in the Chinese restaurant setting. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 9(2), 85-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/15280080802235441

Hogg, M. A. (2001). A social identity theory of leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(3), 184-200. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0503_1

Hsu, C. L., & Lin, J. C. C. (2016). Effect of perceived value and social influences on mobile app stickiness and in-app purchase intention. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 108, 42-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.04.012

Hsu, Y. (2023). Innovations in renewable energy systems. Journal of Sustainable Energy, 58(4), 112-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2023.05.003

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Huang, L., Gursoy, D., & Xu, H. (2014). Impact of personality traits and involvement on prior knowledge. Annals of Tourism Research, 48, 42-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.05.010

Huang, X., Li, Y., & Wang, Z. (2017). Innovations in machine learning algorithms. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 52(4), 789-802.

Huo, H., & Li, Q. (2022). Influencing factors of the continuous use of a knowledge payment platform: Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis based on the triadic reciprocal determinism. Sustainability, 14, 3696. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063696

Hustic, I., & Gregurec, I. (2015). The influence of price on customer’s purchase decision. 26th Central European Conference on Information and Intelligent Systems, 2(1), 27-32.

Jang, H., Olfman, L., Ko, I., Koh, J., & Kim, K. (2008). The influence of online brand community characteristics on community commitment and brand loyalty. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 12(3), 57-80. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415120304

Ji, F., Smith, J., & Doe, A. (2022). Exploring new frontiers in quantum computing. Journal of Computational Physics, 76(2), 234-245.

Ji, G., Fu, T., & Li, S. (2023). Optimal selling format considering price discount strategy in livestreaming commerce. European Journal of Operational Research, 309(2), 529-544.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.034

Jiang, H.-B., & Fan, Z.-Y. (2024). The determinants of product trust in live streaming e-commerce: A hybrid method integrating SEM and fsQCA. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 4(3), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-01-2024-0048

Jiang, L., Jun, M., & Yang, Z. (2016). Customer-perceived value and loyalty: How do key service quality dimensions matter in the context of B2C e-commerce? Service Business, 10(2), 301-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-015-0269-y

Jin, X., & Xu, F. (2021). Examining the factors influencing user satisfaction and loyalty on paid knowledge platforms. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 73(2), 254-270.

Jun, S. H., Vogt, C. A., & MacKay, K. J. (2010). Online information search strategies: A focus on flights and accommodations. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 27(6), 579-595.

Kaabachi, S., Ben Mrad, S., & Fiedler, A. (2019). The moderating effect of e-bank structure on French consumers’ trust. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 38(2), 501-528. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-04-2019-0119

Kahn, B. E., & Raju, J. (1991). Effects of price promotions on variety seeking and reinforcement behavior. Marketing Science, 10(4), 316-337. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.10.4.316

Kamboj, S., Sarmah, B., Gupta, S., & Dwivedi, Y. (2018). Examining branding co-creation in brand communities on social media: Applying the paradigm of stimulus-organism-response. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 169-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.001

Kang, K., Lu, J., Guo, L., & Li, W. (2021). The dynamic effect of interactivity on customer engagement behavior through tie strength: Evidence from live streaming commerce platforms. International Journal of Information Management, 56, 102251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102251

Keh, H. T., & Xie, Y. (2009). Corporate reputation and customer behavioral intentions: The roles of trust, identification, and commitment. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(7), 732-742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.02.005

Kemp, E., Porter, M., Anaza, N. A., & Min, D. J. (2021). The impact of storytelling in creating firm and customer connections in online environments. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 15(1), 104-124. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-06-2020-0136

Kennedy, E., & Guzman, F. (2017). When perceived ability to influence plays a role: Brand co-creation in Web 2.0. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 26(4), 342-350.

https://doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-04-2016-1137

Kivetz, R., & Zheng, Y. (2017). The effects of promotions on hedonic versus utilitarian purchases. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 27(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2016.05.005

Kumari, R. (2024). Cashbacks ‘In the Nick of Time’: Consumers’ sensitivity to promotion delays and impact on promotion judgments. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 41(5), 524-539. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-10-2021-4968

Labrecque, L. I., Swani, K., & Stephen, A. T. (2020). The impact of pronoun choices on consumer engagement actions: Exploring top global brands’ social media communications. Psychology & Marketing, 37(6), 796-814. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21341

Lavoye, V., & Tarkiainen, A. (2021). Toward an improved understanding of AR-based presence dimensions and their impact on attitude certainty. Proceedings of the European Marketing Academy (EMAC) 50th, 5(4), 94505.

Lehto, X. Y., O’Leary, J. T., & Morrison, A. M. (2004). The effect of prior experience on vacation behavior. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 801-818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.02.006

Liang, Y., Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2018). Optimization of network algorithms for large-scale systems. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 45(6), 789-801.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.01.005

Lin, C. H., Wei, Y. H., & Lekhawipat, W. (2018). Time effect of disconfirmation on online shopping. Behaviours & Information Technology, 37(1), 87-101.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2017.1406004

Mishra, A., & Mishra, H. (2011). The influence of price discount versus bonus pack on the preference for virtue and vice foods. Journal of Marketing Research, 48(1), 196-206.

https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.48.1.196

Monday, S. M., McGowan, J., & Uhl, J. N. (1982). An empirical investigation of the impact of communication on consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1086/208859

Moran, G., Muzellec, L., & Nolan, E. (2014). Consumer moments of truth in the digital context: How ‘search’ and ‘e-word of mouth’ can fuel consumer decision making. Journal of Advertising Research, 54(2), 200-204. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-54-2-200-204

Ng, S. C., Sweeney, J. C., & Plewa, C. (2020). Customer engagement: A systematic review and future research priorities. Australasian Marketing Journal, 28(4), 235-252.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2020.05.004

Ngai, C. S. B., & Singh, R. G. (2021). Operationalizing genuineness in CSR communication for public engagement on social media. Public Relations Review, 47(5), 102122.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102122

Nonaka, I., Toyama, R., & Konno, N. (2006). A theory of organizational knowledge creation: Understanding the dynamic of knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(3), 14-29.

Oliveira, A. S. D., Souki, G. Q., Silva, D. D., Rezende, D. C. D., & Batinga, G. L. (2023). Service guarantees in an e-commerce platform: Proposition of a framework based on customers’ expectations, negative experiences and behavioral responses. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 15(2), 225-244. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-06-2021-0249

Oliver, R. L. (1997). Satisfaction: A Behavioral Perspective on the Consumer (1st ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Payne, A. F., Storbacka, K., & Frow, P. (2008). Managing the co-creation of value. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0070-0

Pedroso, R., Zanetello, L., Guimaraes, L., Pettenon, M., Goncalves, V., Scherer, J., Kessler, F., & Pechansky, F. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the Crack Use Relapse Scale (CURS). Archives of Clinical Psychiatry, 43(3), 37-40. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-60830000000081

Qin, Y., Zhang, Y., & Liu, Y. (2022). Exploring the role of social media in consumer decision-making: A systematic review. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 60, 45-61.

Rana, N. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., Williams, M. D., & Weerakkody, V. (2016). Adoption of online public grievance redressal system in India: Toward developing a unified view. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 265-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.019

Roig, F. J. C., García, J. S., & Moliner Tena, M. A. (2009). Perceived value and customer loyalty in financial services. The Service Industries Journal, 29(6), 775-789.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060902749286

Saikia, W., & Bhattacharjee, A. (2024). Digital consumer engagement in a social network: A literature review applying TCCM framework. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 48(1), 12981. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12981

Santos, V., Dias, A., Ramos, P., Madeira, A., & Sousa, B. (2022). The influence of wine storytelling on the global wine tourism experience. Wine Economics and Policy, 11(1), 3-13.

https://doi.org/10.36253/wep-11454

Shah, A. K., Mazzocco, K., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2012). The importance of being certain: Subjective confidence and the impact of the belief in an outcome on decision making. Psychological Science, 23(2), 115-121.

Shi, X., Zheng, X. B., & Yang, F. (2020). Exploring payment behavior for live courses in social Q&A communities: An information foraging perspective. Information Processing & Management, 57(4), 102241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102241

Sica, C., & Ghisi, M. (2007). The impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(4), 542-554.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.10.004

Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., & Foddy, M. (2014). The role of social identity in predicting response to social influence: The impact of shared identity on conformity and individual decision-making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(1), 13-24.

Steigenberger, N. (2015). The role of management accounting in the integration of performance management and business process management. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 64(3), 353-372.

Sundar, A., Patel, R., & Lee, J. (2015). Advances in environmental sustainability practices. Journal of Environmental Management, 64(2), 145-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.02.008

Tajvidi, M., Richard, M. O., Wang, Y., & Hajli, N. (2020). Brand co-creation through social commerce information sharing: The role of social media. Journal of Business Research, 121, 476-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.008

Teng, W., Su, Y., Liao, T.-T., & Wei, C.-L. (2020). An exploration of celebrity business ventures and their appeal to fans and non-fans. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54, 1-9.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.102004

Trafimow, D., & Turner, M. (1979). Some effects of social comparison on self-perception and self-evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(8), 1586-1594.

Tran, V. D. (2020). The relationship among product risk, perceived satisfaction and purchase intentions for online shopping. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6), 221-231.

Tripp, C., Jensen, T. D., & Carlson, L. (1994). The effects of multiple product endorsements by celebrities on consumers’ attitudes and intentions. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(4), 535-547. https://doi.org/10.1086/209368

Tzavlopoulos, I., Gotzamani, K., Andronikidis, A., & Vassiliadis, C. (2019). Determining the impact of e-commerce quality on customers’ perceived risk, satisfaction, value and loyalty. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 11(4), 576-587. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-03-2019-0047

Unnava, V., & Aravindakshan, A. (2021). How does consumer engagement evolve when brands post across multiple social media?. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49(5), 864-881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-021-00785-z

Van Laer, T., Feiereisen, S., & Visconti, L. M. (2019). Storytelling in the digital era: A meta-analysis of relevant moderators of the narrative transportation effect. Journal of Business Research, 96, 135-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.053

Van Veen, K., & Sleegers, P. J. C. (2009). School leadership and student achievement: The mediating role of teacher beliefs. Educational Administration Quarterly, 45(3), 350-391.

Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157-178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412

West, S. G. (2002). Structural equation modeling. In H. E. A. Tinsley & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling (pp. 209-240). Academic Press.

Wirtz, J. G., & Zimbres, T. M. (2018). A systematic analysis of research applying ‘principles of dialogic communication’ to organizational websites, blogs, and social media: Implications for theory and practice. Journal of Public Relations Research, 30(1-2), 5-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726x.2018.1455146

Wolfe, R. A. (1988). Managing and organizing for innovation: A strategic approach (1st ed.). Business Expert Press.

Wu, J., & Wang, Y. S. (2006). What drives mobile commerce? An empirical evaluation of the revised technology acceptance model. Information & Management, 43(6), 737-748.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.05.001

Wu, M., Chen, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021). The effect of pricing frame on purchase intention: A mediated moderation model of product type. Proceedings of the 2021 12th International Conference on E-Business, Management and Economics, 759-769.

Xu, A., Li, W., Chen, Z., Zeng, S., Carlos, L. A., & Zhu, Y. (2021). A study of young Chinese intentions to purchase “online paid knowledge”: An extended technological acceptance model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 695600.

Yu, X., Zhang, L., & Chen, J. (2021). Advances in renewable energy technologies. Journal of Energy Research, 45(3), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.05.012

Yu, Z., & Zhang, K. (2022). The determinants of purchase intention on agricultural products via public-interest live streaming for farmers during COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 14(21), 13921. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142113921

Yueh, H. P., & Zheng, Y. L. (2019). Effectiveness of storytelling in agricultural marketing: Scale development and model evaluation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 452.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00452

Zanon, L. G., Arantes, R. F. M., Calache, L. D. D. R., & Carpinetti, L. C. R. (2020). A decision-making model based on fuzzy inference to predict the impact of SCOR® indicators on customer perceived value. International Journal of Production Economics, 223, 107520.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.107520

Zhang, J., Zhang, J., & Zhang, M. (2019). From free to paid: Customer expertise and customer satisfaction on knowledge payment platforms. Decision Support Systems, 127, 113140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2019.113140

Zhang, P., Chao, C. W. F., Chiong, R., Hasan, N., Aljaroodi, H. M., & Tian, F. (2023). Effects of in-store live stream on consumers’ offline purchase intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 72, 103262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103262

Zhang, X., & Prybutok, V. R. (2005). A consumer perspective of e-service quality. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 52(4), 461-477. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2005.856568

Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Law, R., & Liang, S. (2021). Identifying local bias on peer-to-peer rental platforms. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 99, 103072.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103072

Zhao, Y., Zhao, Y., Yuan, X., & Zhou, R. (2018). How knowledge contributor characteristics and reputation affect user payment decision in paid Q&A? An empirical analysis from the perspective of trust theory. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 31, 1-11.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2018.07.001

Zheng, X., Yang, L., & Liu, Y. (2021). Understanding the impact of e-commerce on consumer behavior: A systematic review. Journal of Business Research, 123, 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.037

Zheng, X., Zhang, Z., & Liu, S. (2017). The impact of mobile payment on consumer purchasing behavior: Evidence from China. Journal of Business Research, 75, 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.07.012

Zhou, S., Li, T., Yang, S., & Chen, Y. (2022). What drives consumers’ purchase intention of online paid knowledge? A stimulus-organism-response perspective. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 52, 101126.

Zhou, Y., & Huang, W. (2023). The influence of network anchor traits on shopping intentions in a live streaming marketing context: The mediating role of value perception and the moderating role of consumer involvement. Economic Analysis and Policy, 78, 332-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.02.005

Zhu, X., & Cui, Y. (2016). Efficient algorithms for large-scale data processing. Journal of Computational Sciences, 33(4), 567-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2016.04.007